EN BANC
[G.R. No. L-8586. May 25, 1956.]
THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CONRADO MANALO Y GUANLAO, Defendant-Appellant.
Solicitor General Ambrosio Padilla and Assistant Solicitor General Jose G. Bautista for appellee.
Hector S. Crisostomo for appellant.
SYLLABUS
1. CRIMINAL LAW; THEFT; PENALTY; VALUE OF ARTICLE STOLEN IS OVER P5 BUT NOT EXCEEDING P50. — In a crime of theft where the value of the article stolen is over P5 but does not exceed P50, the penalty to be imposed is that provided in paragraph 5 of article 309 of the Revised Penal Code, which fixes the penalty of arresto mayor to its full extent.
2. ID.; PLEA OF GUILTY WHEN NOT MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES. — The plea of guilty should not be considered as a mitigating circumstance because to be so considered, it should have been made prior to the presentation of the evidence for the prosecution.
3. ID.; RECIDIVISM BE SEPARATELY CONSIDERED FROM HABITUAL DELINQUENCY. — The aggravating circumstance of recidivism should be considered separately from that of habitual delinquency and in the imposition of the additional penalty, recidivism should not be considered as an aggravating circumstances.
4. ID.; HABITUAL DELINQUENCY; RULE IN DETERMINING NUMBER OF CONVICTIONS; IMPOSITION OF ADDITIONAL PENALTY. — In determining the number of convictions for the imposition of the additional penalty, the last conviction must precede the offense for which the accused is tried. In other words, when a habitual criminal has committed several crimes without being first convicted of any of them before committing the others he cannot be sentenced for each of said crimes to the gradually increasing penalty, and for the purposes of said law, said crimes must be considered as one applying the additional penalty to one of them, and ignoring the last.
2. ID.; PLEA OF GUILTY WHEN NOT MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES. — The plea of guilty should not be considered as a mitigating circumstance because to be so considered, it should have been made prior to the presentation of the evidence for the prosecution.
3. ID.; RECIDIVISM BE SEPARATELY CONSIDERED FROM HABITUAL DELINQUENCY. — The aggravating circumstance of recidivism should be considered separately from that of habitual delinquency and in the imposition of the additional penalty, recidivism should not be considered as an aggravating circumstances.
4. ID.; HABITUAL DELINQUENCY; RULE IN DETERMINING NUMBER OF CONVICTIONS; IMPOSITION OF ADDITIONAL PENALTY. — In determining the number of convictions for the imposition of the additional penalty, the last conviction must precede the offense for which the accused is tried. In other words, when a habitual criminal has committed several crimes without being first convicted of any of them before committing the others he cannot be sentenced for each of said crimes to the gradually increasing penalty, and for the purposes of said law, said crimes must be considered as one applying the additional penalty to one of them, and ignoring the last.
D E C I S I O N
JUGO, J.:
Conrado Manalo y Guanlao was accused before the Municipal Court of Manila of the crime of theft by means, of the following information:chanroblesvirtual 1awlibrary
That on or about January 19, 1954, in the City of Manila, Philippines, the said accused did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, with intent of gain and without the knowledge and consent of the accuse thereof, take, steal and carry away one (1) fountain pen "Sheaffer" with gold cap and black body, valued at P30, belonging to one Benito Mauricio, to the damage and prejudice of the said accuse, in the sum of P30, Philippine currency.
"That the said accused Conrado Manalo y Guanlao is a habitual delinquent, he having been previously convicted eleven (11) times of the crime of theft, by virtue of final judgment rendered: by competent courts, to wit:chanroblesvirtual 1awlibrary
Date of Date of Crime (including trial Sentence or disp Date of
commission conviction court and case No.) release.
6-14-47 9-5-47 Theft, p. pocket MC-B- 4 mos. imp.
6-16-47 9-5-47 Theft, p. pocket MC-B- 2 mos. imp.
25134
1-13-50 3-28-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-B- 2 mos. & 1 day 5-23-52
25117
1-17-50 2-28-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-III- 1 mo. & 1 day 5-23-52
54131
1-17-50 2-28-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-III- 1 mo. & 1 day 5-23-52
B-54288
1-17-50 2-28-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-III- 1 mo. & 1 day imp.
B-54289
1-21-50 5-8-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-III- P30 ind. 5-23-52
B-54290
B-54494
2-9-50 2-28-50 Theft non-appearance 6 mos. arresto mayor
& P39 ind. 5-23-52
MC-B-55031 2 mos. & 1 day 3-19-53
9-11-52 1-19-53 Theft, p. pocket MC- 1 mo. & 1 day 5-23-52
88671
2-17-52 Theft No. 88813 1 mo. & 1 day & costs 1-16-53
p. 2. rec.)"chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
The accused pleaded not guilty.
After trial, he was convicted and sentenced to suffer 1 month and 1 day of arresto mayor, and to pay the costs, plus 10 years and 1 day of prision mayor for habitual delinquency.
He appealed to the Court of First Instance of Manila, where he waived his right to the assistance of counsel.
Upon being arraigned, he pleaded not guilty, but when the case was called for hearing, he asked permission to withdraw his plea of not guilty and substitute it with that of guilty. After the permission was granted, he pleaded guilty.
The court then imposed upon him the principal penalty of 6 months and 1 day of prision correccional and to pay the costs, and for habitual delinquency, an additional penalty of 30 days of reclusion temporal.
The defendant appealed to this Court, assigning as erroneous the penalty imposed.
The principal penalty imposed is not correct, for the value of the article stolen is over P5 but does not exceed P50, and, consequently, falls under paragraph 5 of Article 309 of the Revised Penal Code, which fixes the penalty of arresto mayor to its full extent.
The plea of guilty should not be considered as a mitigating circumstance, because to be so considered, it should have been made prior to the presentation of the evidence for the prosecution. There is the aggravating circumstance of recidivism which should be considered separately from that of habitual delinquency. (People v. Melendrez, et al., 59 Phil., 154; People v. Espina, 62 Phil., 607). It is in the imposition of the additional penalty that recidivism should not be considered as an aggravating circumstance. (People v. De Jesus, 63 Phil., 760). The principal penalty should, therefore, be arresto mayor in its maximum degree, which is from 4 months and 1 day to 6 months. The penalty of 6 months and 1 day of prision correccional imposed by the lower court is 1 day in excess of that which should have been imposed. We, therefore, correct the principal penalty by imposing 6 months of arresto mayor.
With regard to the additional penalty for habitual delinquency, we quote with approval what assistant Solicitor General Jose G. Bautista says in the Government’s Brief:chanroblesvirtual 1awlibrary
"We are also in accord with the defense that the additional penalty of 30 years of reclusion temporal is not only excessive but is even beyond the range of this penalty as reclusion temporal ranges only from 12 years and 1 day to 20 years of imprisonment. Moreover, in determining the number of convictions for the imposition of the additional penalty, the trial court failed to take into account the rule that the last conviction must precede the offense for which the accused is tried. In other words, when a habitual criminal has committed several crimes without being first convicted of any of them before committing the others he cannot be sentenced for each of said crimes to the gradually increasing penalty, and for the purposes of said law said crimes must be considered as one applying the additional penalty to one of them, and ignoring the last (Cf. People v. Santiago, 55 Phil. 266; People v. Bernal, 63 Phil., 750; People v. Caw Liong and Yu Siong, 57 Phil., 839; People v. Lopido, 38 Off. Gaz., p. 1907; People v. De Jesus, 68 Phil., 517; People v. Albuquerque, 69 Phil., 698).
"Examining now the information in question and applying the rule above adverted to, the first two convictions on September 5, 1947, should be considered as one because the second offense was committed two days after the commission of the first and before the date of conviction for the first crime. The third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eight convictions listed in the information should also, for the same reason, be considered as equivalent to one for the purpose of imposing the additional penalty under Article 62, paragraph 5 of the Revised Penal Code. The eleventh conviction should not be counted as the date of commission in said offense is not stated in the information and it has been held that averment of the commission of the previous crime is essential and habitual delinquency be taken into account for insufficiency of allegation on this point (People v. Venus, 435; People v. Masonson, 63 Phil. 866; People v. Topel, 68 Phil 464; People v. Ocbina, 63 Phil., 528). All in all (including the ninth conviction) there are three convictions properly to be considered in the imposition of the additional penalty. As the case at bar is appellant’s fourth conviction, pursuant to Article 62, Case No. 5 paragraph (b), appellant should be sentenced to an additional penalty of prision mayor in its minimum and medium periods. In imposing this additional penalty, recidivism should not be taken into account (People v. De Jesus, supra) the same being inherent in habitual delinquency (People v. Bohol, 40 Off. Gaz., 3114). The additional penalty should therefore be imposed in its medium period or from 7 years, 4 months and 1 day to 8 years and 8 months of prision mayor."chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
We, therefore, correct the additional penalty for habitual delinquency by imposing 8 years of prision mayor.
The fountain pen, which was stolen, should be ordered returned to the offended party, or, in lieu thereof, the accused should be ordered to pay him P30 without subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency.
In view of the foregoing, the decision appealed from is modified, as above indicated, without costs. It is so ordered.
Paras, C.J., Bengzon, Padilla, Montemayor, Reyes, A., Bautista Angelo, Labrador, Reyes, J.B.L., and Endencia, JJ., concur.
That on or about January 19, 1954, in the City of Manila, Philippines, the said accused did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, with intent of gain and without the knowledge and consent of the accuse thereof, take, steal and carry away one (1) fountain pen "Sheaffer" with gold cap and black body, valued at P30, belonging to one Benito Mauricio, to the damage and prejudice of the said accuse, in the sum of P30, Philippine currency.
"That the said accused Conrado Manalo y Guanlao is a habitual delinquent, he having been previously convicted eleven (11) times of the crime of theft, by virtue of final judgment rendered: by competent courts, to wit:chanroblesvirtual 1awlibrary
Date of Date of Crime (including trial Sentence or disp Date of
commission conviction court and case No.) release.
6-14-47 9-5-47 Theft, p. pocket MC-B- 4 mos. imp.
6-16-47 9-5-47 Theft, p. pocket MC-B- 2 mos. imp.
25134
1-13-50 3-28-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-B- 2 mos. & 1 day 5-23-52
25117
1-17-50 2-28-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-III- 1 mo. & 1 day 5-23-52
54131
1-17-50 2-28-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-III- 1 mo. & 1 day 5-23-52
B-54288
1-17-50 2-28-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-III- 1 mo. & 1 day imp.
B-54289
1-21-50 5-8-50 Theft, p. pocket MC-III- P30 ind. 5-23-52
B-54290
B-54494
2-9-50 2-28-50 Theft non-appearance 6 mos. arresto mayor
& P39 ind. 5-23-52
MC-B-55031 2 mos. & 1 day 3-19-53
9-11-52 1-19-53 Theft, p. pocket MC- 1 mo. & 1 day 5-23-52
88671
2-17-52 Theft No. 88813 1 mo. & 1 day & costs 1-16-53
p. 2. rec.)"chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
The accused pleaded not guilty.
After trial, he was convicted and sentenced to suffer 1 month and 1 day of arresto mayor, and to pay the costs, plus 10 years and 1 day of prision mayor for habitual delinquency.
He appealed to the Court of First Instance of Manila, where he waived his right to the assistance of counsel.
Upon being arraigned, he pleaded not guilty, but when the case was called for hearing, he asked permission to withdraw his plea of not guilty and substitute it with that of guilty. After the permission was granted, he pleaded guilty.
The court then imposed upon him the principal penalty of 6 months and 1 day of prision correccional and to pay the costs, and for habitual delinquency, an additional penalty of 30 days of reclusion temporal.
The defendant appealed to this Court, assigning as erroneous the penalty imposed.
The principal penalty imposed is not correct, for the value of the article stolen is over P5 but does not exceed P50, and, consequently, falls under paragraph 5 of Article 309 of the Revised Penal Code, which fixes the penalty of arresto mayor to its full extent.
The plea of guilty should not be considered as a mitigating circumstance, because to be so considered, it should have been made prior to the presentation of the evidence for the prosecution. There is the aggravating circumstance of recidivism which should be considered separately from that of habitual delinquency. (People v. Melendrez, et al., 59 Phil., 154; People v. Espina, 62 Phil., 607). It is in the imposition of the additional penalty that recidivism should not be considered as an aggravating circumstance. (People v. De Jesus, 63 Phil., 760). The principal penalty should, therefore, be arresto mayor in its maximum degree, which is from 4 months and 1 day to 6 months. The penalty of 6 months and 1 day of prision correccional imposed by the lower court is 1 day in excess of that which should have been imposed. We, therefore, correct the principal penalty by imposing 6 months of arresto mayor.
With regard to the additional penalty for habitual delinquency, we quote with approval what assistant Solicitor General Jose G. Bautista says in the Government’s Brief:chanroblesvirtual 1awlibrary
"We are also in accord with the defense that the additional penalty of 30 years of reclusion temporal is not only excessive but is even beyond the range of this penalty as reclusion temporal ranges only from 12 years and 1 day to 20 years of imprisonment. Moreover, in determining the number of convictions for the imposition of the additional penalty, the trial court failed to take into account the rule that the last conviction must precede the offense for which the accused is tried. In other words, when a habitual criminal has committed several crimes without being first convicted of any of them before committing the others he cannot be sentenced for each of said crimes to the gradually increasing penalty, and for the purposes of said law said crimes must be considered as one applying the additional penalty to one of them, and ignoring the last (Cf. People v. Santiago, 55 Phil. 266; People v. Bernal, 63 Phil., 750; People v. Caw Liong and Yu Siong, 57 Phil., 839; People v. Lopido, 38 Off. Gaz., p. 1907; People v. De Jesus, 68 Phil., 517; People v. Albuquerque, 69 Phil., 698).
"Examining now the information in question and applying the rule above adverted to, the first two convictions on September 5, 1947, should be considered as one because the second offense was committed two days after the commission of the first and before the date of conviction for the first crime. The third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eight convictions listed in the information should also, for the same reason, be considered as equivalent to one for the purpose of imposing the additional penalty under Article 62, paragraph 5 of the Revised Penal Code. The eleventh conviction should not be counted as the date of commission in said offense is not stated in the information and it has been held that averment of the commission of the previous crime is essential and habitual delinquency be taken into account for insufficiency of allegation on this point (People v. Venus, 435; People v. Masonson, 63 Phil. 866; People v. Topel, 68 Phil 464; People v. Ocbina, 63 Phil., 528). All in all (including the ninth conviction) there are three convictions properly to be considered in the imposition of the additional penalty. As the case at bar is appellant’s fourth conviction, pursuant to Article 62, Case No. 5 paragraph (b), appellant should be sentenced to an additional penalty of prision mayor in its minimum and medium periods. In imposing this additional penalty, recidivism should not be taken into account (People v. De Jesus, supra) the same being inherent in habitual delinquency (People v. Bohol, 40 Off. Gaz., 3114). The additional penalty should therefore be imposed in its medium period or from 7 years, 4 months and 1 day to 8 years and 8 months of prision mayor."chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
We, therefore, correct the additional penalty for habitual delinquency by imposing 8 years of prision mayor.
The fountain pen, which was stolen, should be ordered returned to the offended party, or, in lieu thereof, the accused should be ordered to pay him P30 without subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency.
In view of the foregoing, the decision appealed from is modified, as above indicated, without costs. It is so ordered.
Paras, C.J., Bengzon, Padilla, Montemayor, Reyes, A., Bautista Angelo, Labrador, Reyes, J.B.L., and Endencia, JJ., concur.
