FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. No. L-57848. June 19, 1982.]
RAFAEL E. MANINANG and SOLEDAD L. MANINANG, Petitioners, v. COURT OF APPEALS, HON. RICARDO L. PRONOVE, JR., as Judge of the Court of First Instance of Rizal and BERNARDO S. ASENETA, Respondents.
Norberto J. Quisumbing, for Petitioners.
Agrava, Lucero & Gineta for Private Respondents.
SYNOPSIS
Petitioner Soledad Maninang filed in the Court of First Instance Branch IV, Quezon City (Sp. Proc. Q-23304 hereinafter referred to as the Testate Case) a Petition for the probate of the holographic will executed in her favor, by the decedent Clemencia Aseneta who died single at the age of 81, while private respondent Bernardo Aseneta, an adopted son claiming to be the sole heir of the decedent, instituted intestate proceedings with the Court of First Instance Branch Xl, Pasig. Rizal (Sp. Proc. No. 8569, tailed hereinafter the intestate Case). Later the Testate and Intestate Cases were ordered consolidated before Branch XI, presided by respondent Judge. Respondent Bernardo S. Aseneta filed a Motion to Dismiss the Testate Case on the ground that the holographic will was null and void, as the only compulsory heir was preterited. Despite petitioner’s opposition, the lower Court dismissed the Testate Case. On certiorari, the Court of Appeals denied the petition, and ruled that the trial Judge’s Order of dismissal being final, the proper remedy was appeal which the petitioners failed to avail of.
On certiorari, the Supreme Court ruled that the Court a quo acted in excess of its jurisdiction when it dismissed the Testate Case as generally, the probate of a Will is mandatory and because by virtue of said dismissal the crucial issue of whether private respondent had been preterited or disinherited was not thoroughly considered.
Assailed Decision and Orders, set aside.
On certiorari, the Supreme Court ruled that the Court a quo acted in excess of its jurisdiction when it dismissed the Testate Case as generally, the probate of a Will is mandatory and because by virtue of said dismissal the crucial issue of whether private respondent had been preterited or disinherited was not thoroughly considered.
Assailed Decision and Orders, set aside.
SYLLABUS
1. CIVIL LAW; SUCCESSION; WILLS; ALLOWANCE AND DISALLOWANCE OF WILLS; PROBATE OF A WILL MANDATORY AS A GENERAL RULE. — Generally, the probate of a Will is mandatory under Art. 838 of the Civil Code. The law enjoins the probate of the Will and public policy requires it, because unless the Will is probated and notice thereof given to the whole world, the right of a person to dispose of his property by Will may be rendered nugatory. (Guevarra v. Guevarra, 74 Phil. 479 [1943])
2. ID.; ID.; ID.; INSTITUTION OF HEIRS; PRETERITION DEFINED.—." . . Preterition "consists in the omission in the testator’s will of the forced heirs or anyone of them, either because they are not mentioned therein, or, though mentioned, they are neither instituted as heirs nor are expressly disinherited." (Neri v. Akutin, 72 Phil. 323)" (Nuguid v. Nuguid, supra).
3. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; DESINHERITANCE DEFINED. — "Disinheritance, in turn, is a testamentary disposition depriving any compulsory heir of his share in the legitime for a cause authorized by law." (Justice J.B.L. Reyes and R.C. Puno, "An Outline of Philippine Civil Law", 1956 ed., Vol. III, p. 8, citing cases" (ibid).
4. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; DISINHERITANCE AND PRETERITION DISTINGUISHED. — "Disinheritance is always ‘voluntary’; preterition, upon the other hand, is presumed to be ‘involuntary’ (Sanchez Roman, Estudios de Derecho Civil 2nd. edition, Volumen 2, o.p. 1131)." ." . . The effects flowing from preterition are totally different from those of disinheritance. Preterition under Article 854 of the New Civil Code "shall annul the institution of heir." This annulment is in toto, unless in the will there are, in addition, testamentary disposition in the form of devises or legacies. In ineffective disinheritance under Article 918 of the same Code, such disinheritance shall also ‘annul the institution of heirs’, but only ‘insofar as it may prejudice the person disinherited’, which last phrase was omitted in the case of preterition (III Tolentino, Civil Code of the Philippines, 1961 Edition, p. 172). Better stated yet, in disinheritance the nullity is limited to that portion of the estate of which the disinherited heirs have been illegally deprived.’’ (ibid).
5. REMEDIAL LAW; SPECIAL CIVIL ACTION; CERTIORARI; PROPER REMEDY WHEN RESPONDENT JUDGE ACTED IN EXCESS OF JURISDICTION IN THE DISMISSAL OF THE TESTATE CASE; CASE AT BAR,- Where by virtue of the dismissal of the Testate Case, the determination of that controversial issue has not been thoroughly considered and it was gathered from the assailed Order of the trial Court that its conclusion was that respondent Bernardo has been preterited while from the face of the Will, that conclusion is not indubitable, respondent Judge had acted in excess of his jurisdiction in dismissing the Testate Case and certiorari is a proper remedy. An act done by a Probate Court in excess of its jurisdiction may be corrected by Certiorari (Llamas v. Moscoso, 95 Phil. 599 [1954] and even assuming the existence of the remedy of appeal, we harken to the rule that in the broader interest of justice, a petition for Certiorari may be entertained, particularly where appeal would not afford speedy and adequate relief.
6. ID.; SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS; SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSONS; WILLS; PROBATE LIMITED TO DETERMINATION OF DUE EXECUTION. — . . . The authentication of a will decides no other question than such as touch the capacity of the testator and the compliance with those requisites or solemnities which the law prescribes for the validity of wills. It does not determine nor even by implication prejudge the validity or efficiency (sic) of the provisions, these may be impugned as being vicious or null, notwithstanding its authentication. The questions relating to these points remain entirely unaffected, and may be raised even after the will has been authenticated (Montanano v. Suesa, 14 Phil. 676 [1909]) "Opposition to the intrinsic validity or legality of the provisions of the Will cannot be entertained in probate proceeding because its only purpose is merely to determine if the will has been executed in accordance with the requirements of the law." (Palacios v. Palacios, 58. O.G, 220)
7. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; NUGUID AND BALANAY CASES AS EXCEPTIONS; NOT APPLICABLE TO CASE AT BAR. — The cases of Nuguid v. Nuguid (17 SCRA 449 [1966]), and Balanay v. Hon. Martinez (64 SCRA 452 [1975]), provide the exception rather than the rule. The intrinsic validity of the Wills in those cases was passed upon even before probate because "practical consideration" so demanded. Moreover, for the parties in the Nuguid case, the "meat of the controversy" was the intrinsic validity of the Will; in fact, the parties in that case "shunted aside the question of whether or not the Will should be allowed probate." Not so in the case before us now where the probate of the Will is insisted on by petitioners and a resolution on the extrinsic validity of the Will demanded. Moreover, in the Nuguid case, this Court ruled that the Will was intrinsically invalid as it completely preterited the parents of the testator. In the instant case, a crucial issue that calls for resolution is whether under the terms of the decedent’s Will, private respondent had been preterited or disinherited, and if the latter, whether it was a valid disinheritance.
2. ID.; ID.; ID.; INSTITUTION OF HEIRS; PRETERITION DEFINED.—." . . Preterition "consists in the omission in the testator’s will of the forced heirs or anyone of them, either because they are not mentioned therein, or, though mentioned, they are neither instituted as heirs nor are expressly disinherited." (Neri v. Akutin, 72 Phil. 323)" (Nuguid v. Nuguid, supra).
3. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; DESINHERITANCE DEFINED. — "Disinheritance, in turn, is a testamentary disposition depriving any compulsory heir of his share in the legitime for a cause authorized by law." (Justice J.B.L. Reyes and R.C. Puno, "An Outline of Philippine Civil Law", 1956 ed., Vol. III, p. 8, citing cases" (ibid).
4. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; DISINHERITANCE AND PRETERITION DISTINGUISHED. — "Disinheritance is always ‘voluntary’; preterition, upon the other hand, is presumed to be ‘involuntary’ (Sanchez Roman, Estudios de Derecho Civil 2nd. edition, Volumen 2, o.p. 1131)." ." . . The effects flowing from preterition are totally different from those of disinheritance. Preterition under Article 854 of the New Civil Code "shall annul the institution of heir." This annulment is in toto, unless in the will there are, in addition, testamentary disposition in the form of devises or legacies. In ineffective disinheritance under Article 918 of the same Code, such disinheritance shall also ‘annul the institution of heirs’, but only ‘insofar as it may prejudice the person disinherited’, which last phrase was omitted in the case of preterition (III Tolentino, Civil Code of the Philippines, 1961 Edition, p. 172). Better stated yet, in disinheritance the nullity is limited to that portion of the estate of which the disinherited heirs have been illegally deprived.’’ (ibid).
5. REMEDIAL LAW; SPECIAL CIVIL ACTION; CERTIORARI; PROPER REMEDY WHEN RESPONDENT JUDGE ACTED IN EXCESS OF JURISDICTION IN THE DISMISSAL OF THE TESTATE CASE; CASE AT BAR,- Where by virtue of the dismissal of the Testate Case, the determination of that controversial issue has not been thoroughly considered and it was gathered from the assailed Order of the trial Court that its conclusion was that respondent Bernardo has been preterited while from the face of the Will, that conclusion is not indubitable, respondent Judge had acted in excess of his jurisdiction in dismissing the Testate Case and certiorari is a proper remedy. An act done by a Probate Court in excess of its jurisdiction may be corrected by Certiorari (Llamas v. Moscoso, 95 Phil. 599 [1954] and even assuming the existence of the remedy of appeal, we harken to the rule that in the broader interest of justice, a petition for Certiorari may be entertained, particularly where appeal would not afford speedy and adequate relief.
6. ID.; SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS; SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSONS; WILLS; PROBATE LIMITED TO DETERMINATION OF DUE EXECUTION. — . . . The authentication of a will decides no other question than such as touch the capacity of the testator and the compliance with those requisites or solemnities which the law prescribes for the validity of wills. It does not determine nor even by implication prejudge the validity or efficiency (sic) of the provisions, these may be impugned as being vicious or null, notwithstanding its authentication. The questions relating to these points remain entirely unaffected, and may be raised even after the will has been authenticated (Montanano v. Suesa, 14 Phil. 676 [1909]) "Opposition to the intrinsic validity or legality of the provisions of the Will cannot be entertained in probate proceeding because its only purpose is merely to determine if the will has been executed in accordance with the requirements of the law." (Palacios v. Palacios, 58. O.G, 220)
7. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; NUGUID AND BALANAY CASES AS EXCEPTIONS; NOT APPLICABLE TO CASE AT BAR. — The cases of Nuguid v. Nuguid (17 SCRA 449 [1966]), and Balanay v. Hon. Martinez (64 SCRA 452 [1975]), provide the exception rather than the rule. The intrinsic validity of the Wills in those cases was passed upon even before probate because "practical consideration" so demanded. Moreover, for the parties in the Nuguid case, the "meat of the controversy" was the intrinsic validity of the Will; in fact, the parties in that case "shunted aside the question of whether or not the Will should be allowed probate." Not so in the case before us now where the probate of the Will is insisted on by petitioners and a resolution on the extrinsic validity of the Will demanded. Moreover, in the Nuguid case, this Court ruled that the Will was intrinsically invalid as it completely preterited the parents of the testator. In the instant case, a crucial issue that calls for resolution is whether under the terms of the decedent’s Will, private respondent had been preterited or disinherited, and if the latter, whether it was a valid disinheritance.
D E C I S I O N
MELENCIO-HERRERA, J.:
A Petition to Review the Decision of April 28, 1981 of respondent Appellate Court in CA-G.R. No. 12032-R entitled "Rafael E. Maninang and Soledad L. Maninang v. Hon. Ricardo Pronove, Judge of the Court of First Instance of Rizal, Pasig, Branch XI, and Bernardo S. Aseneta."
Pertinent to the controversy are the following antecedental facts:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
On May 21, 1977, Clemencia Aseneta, single, died at the Manila Sanitarium Hospital at age 81. She left a holographic will, the pertinent portions of which are quoted hereunder:cralawnad
"It is my will that all my real properties located in Manila, Makati, Quezon City, Albay and Legaspi City and all my personal properties shall be inherited upon my death by Dra. Soledad L. Maninang with whose family I have lived continuously for around the last 30 years now. Dra. Maninang and her husband Pamping have been kind to me. . . . I have found peace and happiness with them even during the time when my sisters were still alive and especially now when I am now being troubled by my nephew Bernardo and niece Salvacion. I am not incompetent as Nonoy would like me to appear. I know what is right and wrong. I can decide for myself. I do not consider Nonoy as my adopted son. He has made me do things against my will."cralaw virtua1aw library
"x x x"
On June 9, 1977, petitioner Soledad Maninang filed a Petition for probate of the Will of the decedent with the Court of First Instance-Branch IV, Quezon City (Sp. Proc. No. Q-23304, hereinafter referred to as the Testate Case).
On July 25, 1977, herein respondent Bernardo Aseneta, who, as the adopted son, claims to be the sole heir of decedent Clemencia Aseneta, instituted intestate proceedings with the Court of First Instance-Branch XI, Pasig, Rizal (Sp. Proc. No. 8569, called hereinafter the Intestate Case; for brevity).
On December 23, 1977, the Testate and Intestate Cases were ordered consolidated before Branch XI, presided by respondent Judge.
Respondent Bernardo then filed a Motion to Dismiss the Testate Case on the ground that the holographic will was null and void because he, as the only compulsory heir, was preterited and, therefore, intestacy should ensue. In support of said Motion to Dismiss, respondent Bernardo cited the cases of Neri v. Akutin (72 Phil. 322); Nuguid v. Nuguid (17 SCRA 449), and Ramos v. Baldovino (2 CA Rep. 2nd, 878). 1
In her Opposition to said Motion to Dismiss, petitioner Soledad averred that it is still the rule that in a case for probate of a Will, the Court’s area of inquiry is limited to an examination of and resolution on the extrinsic validity of the will; and that respondent Bernardo was effectively disinherited by the decedent. 2
On September 8, 1980, the lower Court ordered the dismissal of the Testate Case in this wise:chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
"For reasons stated in the motion to dismiss filed by petitioner Bernardo S. Aseneta which the Court finds meritorious, the petition for probate of will filed by Soledad L. Maninang and which was docketed as Sp. Proc. No. Q-23304 is DISMISSED, without pronouncement as to costs."cralaw virtua1aw library
On December 19, 1980, the lower Court denied reconsideration for lack of merit and in the same Order appointed Bernardo as the administrator of the intestate estate of the deceased Clemencia Aseneta "considering that he is a forced heir of said deceased while oppositor Soledad Maninang is not, and considering further that Bernardo Aseneta has not been shown to be unfit to perform the duties of the trust."cralaw virtua1aw library
Petitioners Maninang resorted to a Certiorari Petition before respondent Court of Appeals alleging that the lower Court exceeded its jurisdiction in issuing the Orders of dismissal of the Testate Case (September 8, 1980) and denial of reconsideration (December 19, 1980).
On April 28, 1981, respondent Court 3 denied Certiorari and ruled that the trial Judge’s Order of dismissal was final in nature as it finally disposed of the Testate Case and, therefore, appeal was the proper remedy, which petitioners failed to avail of. Continuing, it said that even granting that the lower Court committed errors in issuing the questioned Orders, those are errors of judgment reviewable only by appeal and not by Certiorari.
Thus, this Petition before us.
We find that the Court a quo a quo acted in excess of its jurisdiction when it dismissed the Testate Case. Generally, the probate of a Will is mandatory.
"No will shall pass either real or personal property unless it is proved and allowed in accordance with the Rules of Court." 4
The law enjoins the probate of the Will and public policy requires it, because unless the Will is probated and notice thereof given to the whole world, the right of a person to dispose of his property by Will may be rendered nugatory. 5
Normally, the probate of a Will does not look into its intrinsic validity.
". . . The authentication of a will decides no other question than such as touch upon the capacity of the testator and the compliance with those requisites or solemnities which the law prescribes for the validity of wills. It does not determine nor even by implication prejudge the validity or efficiency (sic) of the provisions, these may be impugned as being vicious or null, notwithstanding its authentication. The questions relating to these points remain entirely unaffected, and may be raised even after the will has been authenticated . . ." 6
"Opposition to the intrinsic validity or legality of the provisions of the will cannot be entertained in Probate proceeding because its only purpose is merely to determine if the will has been executed in accordance with the requirements of the law." 7
Respondent Bernardo, however, relies on the pronouncement in Nuguid v. Nuguid 8 , reading:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"In a proceeding for the probate of a will, the Court’s area of inquiry is limited to an examination of, and resolution on, the extrinsic validity of the will, the due execution thereof, the testatrix’s testamentary capacity and the compliance with the requisites or solemnities prescribed by law. The intrinsic validity of the will normally comes only after the court has declared that the will has been duly authenticated. However, where practical considerations demand that the intrinsic validity of the will be passed, upon even before it is probated, the Court should meet that issue. (Emphasis supplied)
Our ruling in Balanay v. Hon. Martinez 9 had a similar thrust:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"The trial court acted correctly in passing upon the will’s intrinsic validity even before its formal validity had been established. The probate of a will might become an idle ceremony if on its face it appears to be intrinsically void. Where practical considerations demand that the intrinsic validity of the will be passed upon, even before it is probated, the court should meet the issue."cralaw virtua1aw library
The Nuguid and the Balanay cases provide the exception rather than the rule. The intrinsic validity of the Wills in those cases was passed upon even before probate because "practical considerations" so demanded. Moreover, for the parties in the Nuguid case, the "meat of the controversy" was the intrinsic validity of the Will; in fact, the parties in that case "shunted aside the question of whether or not the Will should be allowed probate." Not so in the case before us now where the probate of the Will is insisted on by petitioners and a resolution on the extrinsic validity of the Will demanded.
Moreover, in the Nuguid case, this Court ruled that the Will was intrinsically invalid as it completely preterited the parents of the testator. In the instant case, a crucial issue that calls for resolution is whether under the terms of the decedent’s Will, private respondent had been preterited or disinherited, and if the latter, whether it was a valid disinheritance. Preterition and disinheritance are two diverse concepts.
". . . Preterition ‘consists in the omission in the testator’s will of the forced heirs or anyone of them, either because they are not mentioned therein, or, though mentioned, they are neither instituted as heirs nor are expressly disinherited.’ (Neri v. Akutin, 72 Phil. 325). Disinheritance, in turn, ‘is a testamentary disposition depriving any compulsory heirs of his share in the legitime for a cause authorized by law.’ (Justice J.B.L. Reyes and R.C. Puno, ‘An Outline of Philippine Civil Law’, 1956 ed., Vol. III, p. 8, citing cases) Disinheritance is always ‘voluntary’, preterition, upon the other hand, is presumed to be ‘involuntary’ (Sanchez Roman, Estudios de Derecho Civil 2nd edition, Volumen 2.o, p. 1131)." 10
The effects of preterition and disinheritance are also totally different.
". . . The effects flowing from preterition are totally different from those of disinheritance. Preterition under Article 854 of the New Civil Code shall annul the institution of heir.’ This annulment is in toto, unless in the will there are, in addition, testamentary dispositions in the form of devises or legacies. In ineffective disinheritance under Article 918 of the same Code, such disinheritance shall also ‘annul the institution of heirs’, but only ‘insofar as it may prejudice the person disinherited’, which last phrase was omitted in the case of preterition (III Tolentino, Civil Code of the Philippines, 1961 Edition, p. 172). Better stated yet, in disinheritance the nullity is limited to that portion of the estate of which the disinherited heirs have been illegally deprived." 11
By virtue of the dismissal of the Testate Case, the determination of that controversial issue has not been thoroughly considered. We gather from the assailed Order of the trial Court that its conclusion was that respondent Bernardo has been preterited. We are of opinion, however, that from the face of the Will, that conclusion is not indubitable.chanrobles.com : virtual law library
As held in the case of Vda. de Precilla v. Narciso 12
". . . it is as important a matter of public interest that a purported will is not denied legalization on dubious grounds. Otherwise, the very institution of testamentary succession will be shaken to its foundation, . . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
Coming now to the procedural aspect, suffice it to state that in view of our finding that respondent Judge had acted in excess of his jurisdiction in dismissing the Testate Case, Certiorari is a proper remedy. An act done by a Probate Court in excess of its jurisdiction may be corrected by Certiorari. 13 And even assuming the existence of the remedy of appeal, we harken to the rule that in the broader interests of justice, a petition for Certiorari may be entertained, particularly where appeal would not afford speedy and adequate relief.
WHEREFORE, the Decision in question is set aside and the Orders of the Court of First Instance-Branch XI, Rizal, dated September 8, 1980 and December 19, 1980, are nullified. Special Proceeding No. Q-23304 is hereby remanded to said Court of First Instance-Branch XI, Rizal, therein to be reinstated and consolidated with Special Proceeding No. 8569 for further proceedings.
No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED.
Teehankee (Chairman), Makasiar, Plana and Relova, JJ., concur.
Vasquez, J., took no part.
Gutierrez, Jr., J., I concur.
Pertinent to the controversy are the following antecedental facts:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
On May 21, 1977, Clemencia Aseneta, single, died at the Manila Sanitarium Hospital at age 81. She left a holographic will, the pertinent portions of which are quoted hereunder:cralawnad
x x x
"It is my will that all my real properties located in Manila, Makati, Quezon City, Albay and Legaspi City and all my personal properties shall be inherited upon my death by Dra. Soledad L. Maninang with whose family I have lived continuously for around the last 30 years now. Dra. Maninang and her husband Pamping have been kind to me. . . . I have found peace and happiness with them even during the time when my sisters were still alive and especially now when I am now being troubled by my nephew Bernardo and niece Salvacion. I am not incompetent as Nonoy would like me to appear. I know what is right and wrong. I can decide for myself. I do not consider Nonoy as my adopted son. He has made me do things against my will."cralaw virtua1aw library
"x x x"
On June 9, 1977, petitioner Soledad Maninang filed a Petition for probate of the Will of the decedent with the Court of First Instance-Branch IV, Quezon City (Sp. Proc. No. Q-23304, hereinafter referred to as the Testate Case).
On July 25, 1977, herein respondent Bernardo Aseneta, who, as the adopted son, claims to be the sole heir of decedent Clemencia Aseneta, instituted intestate proceedings with the Court of First Instance-Branch XI, Pasig, Rizal (Sp. Proc. No. 8569, called hereinafter the Intestate Case; for brevity).
On December 23, 1977, the Testate and Intestate Cases were ordered consolidated before Branch XI, presided by respondent Judge.
Respondent Bernardo then filed a Motion to Dismiss the Testate Case on the ground that the holographic will was null and void because he, as the only compulsory heir, was preterited and, therefore, intestacy should ensue. In support of said Motion to Dismiss, respondent Bernardo cited the cases of Neri v. Akutin (72 Phil. 322); Nuguid v. Nuguid (17 SCRA 449), and Ramos v. Baldovino (2 CA Rep. 2nd, 878). 1
In her Opposition to said Motion to Dismiss, petitioner Soledad averred that it is still the rule that in a case for probate of a Will, the Court’s area of inquiry is limited to an examination of and resolution on the extrinsic validity of the will; and that respondent Bernardo was effectively disinherited by the decedent. 2
On September 8, 1980, the lower Court ordered the dismissal of the Testate Case in this wise:chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
"For reasons stated in the motion to dismiss filed by petitioner Bernardo S. Aseneta which the Court finds meritorious, the petition for probate of will filed by Soledad L. Maninang and which was docketed as Sp. Proc. No. Q-23304 is DISMISSED, without pronouncement as to costs."cralaw virtua1aw library
On December 19, 1980, the lower Court denied reconsideration for lack of merit and in the same Order appointed Bernardo as the administrator of the intestate estate of the deceased Clemencia Aseneta "considering that he is a forced heir of said deceased while oppositor Soledad Maninang is not, and considering further that Bernardo Aseneta has not been shown to be unfit to perform the duties of the trust."cralaw virtua1aw library
Petitioners Maninang resorted to a Certiorari Petition before respondent Court of Appeals alleging that the lower Court exceeded its jurisdiction in issuing the Orders of dismissal of the Testate Case (September 8, 1980) and denial of reconsideration (December 19, 1980).
On April 28, 1981, respondent Court 3 denied Certiorari and ruled that the trial Judge’s Order of dismissal was final in nature as it finally disposed of the Testate Case and, therefore, appeal was the proper remedy, which petitioners failed to avail of. Continuing, it said that even granting that the lower Court committed errors in issuing the questioned Orders, those are errors of judgment reviewable only by appeal and not by Certiorari.
Thus, this Petition before us.
We find that the Court a quo a quo acted in excess of its jurisdiction when it dismissed the Testate Case. Generally, the probate of a Will is mandatory.
"No will shall pass either real or personal property unless it is proved and allowed in accordance with the Rules of Court." 4
The law enjoins the probate of the Will and public policy requires it, because unless the Will is probated and notice thereof given to the whole world, the right of a person to dispose of his property by Will may be rendered nugatory. 5
Normally, the probate of a Will does not look into its intrinsic validity.
". . . The authentication of a will decides no other question than such as touch upon the capacity of the testator and the compliance with those requisites or solemnities which the law prescribes for the validity of wills. It does not determine nor even by implication prejudge the validity or efficiency (sic) of the provisions, these may be impugned as being vicious or null, notwithstanding its authentication. The questions relating to these points remain entirely unaffected, and may be raised even after the will has been authenticated . . ." 6
"Opposition to the intrinsic validity or legality of the provisions of the will cannot be entertained in Probate proceeding because its only purpose is merely to determine if the will has been executed in accordance with the requirements of the law." 7
Respondent Bernardo, however, relies on the pronouncement in Nuguid v. Nuguid 8 , reading:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"In a proceeding for the probate of a will, the Court’s area of inquiry is limited to an examination of, and resolution on, the extrinsic validity of the will, the due execution thereof, the testatrix’s testamentary capacity and the compliance with the requisites or solemnities prescribed by law. The intrinsic validity of the will normally comes only after the court has declared that the will has been duly authenticated. However, where practical considerations demand that the intrinsic validity of the will be passed, upon even before it is probated, the Court should meet that issue. (Emphasis supplied)
Our ruling in Balanay v. Hon. Martinez 9 had a similar thrust:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"The trial court acted correctly in passing upon the will’s intrinsic validity even before its formal validity had been established. The probate of a will might become an idle ceremony if on its face it appears to be intrinsically void. Where practical considerations demand that the intrinsic validity of the will be passed upon, even before it is probated, the court should meet the issue."cralaw virtua1aw library
The Nuguid and the Balanay cases provide the exception rather than the rule. The intrinsic validity of the Wills in those cases was passed upon even before probate because "practical considerations" so demanded. Moreover, for the parties in the Nuguid case, the "meat of the controversy" was the intrinsic validity of the Will; in fact, the parties in that case "shunted aside the question of whether or not the Will should be allowed probate." Not so in the case before us now where the probate of the Will is insisted on by petitioners and a resolution on the extrinsic validity of the Will demanded.
Moreover, in the Nuguid case, this Court ruled that the Will was intrinsically invalid as it completely preterited the parents of the testator. In the instant case, a crucial issue that calls for resolution is whether under the terms of the decedent’s Will, private respondent had been preterited or disinherited, and if the latter, whether it was a valid disinheritance. Preterition and disinheritance are two diverse concepts.
". . . Preterition ‘consists in the omission in the testator’s will of the forced heirs or anyone of them, either because they are not mentioned therein, or, though mentioned, they are neither instituted as heirs nor are expressly disinherited.’ (Neri v. Akutin, 72 Phil. 325). Disinheritance, in turn, ‘is a testamentary disposition depriving any compulsory heirs of his share in the legitime for a cause authorized by law.’ (Justice J.B.L. Reyes and R.C. Puno, ‘An Outline of Philippine Civil Law’, 1956 ed., Vol. III, p. 8, citing cases) Disinheritance is always ‘voluntary’, preterition, upon the other hand, is presumed to be ‘involuntary’ (Sanchez Roman, Estudios de Derecho Civil 2nd edition, Volumen 2.o, p. 1131)." 10
The effects of preterition and disinheritance are also totally different.
". . . The effects flowing from preterition are totally different from those of disinheritance. Preterition under Article 854 of the New Civil Code shall annul the institution of heir.’ This annulment is in toto, unless in the will there are, in addition, testamentary dispositions in the form of devises or legacies. In ineffective disinheritance under Article 918 of the same Code, such disinheritance shall also ‘annul the institution of heirs’, but only ‘insofar as it may prejudice the person disinherited’, which last phrase was omitted in the case of preterition (III Tolentino, Civil Code of the Philippines, 1961 Edition, p. 172). Better stated yet, in disinheritance the nullity is limited to that portion of the estate of which the disinherited heirs have been illegally deprived." 11
By virtue of the dismissal of the Testate Case, the determination of that controversial issue has not been thoroughly considered. We gather from the assailed Order of the trial Court that its conclusion was that respondent Bernardo has been preterited. We are of opinion, however, that from the face of the Will, that conclusion is not indubitable.chanrobles.com : virtual law library
As held in the case of Vda. de Precilla v. Narciso 12
". . . it is as important a matter of public interest that a purported will is not denied legalization on dubious grounds. Otherwise, the very institution of testamentary succession will be shaken to its foundation, . . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
Coming now to the procedural aspect, suffice it to state that in view of our finding that respondent Judge had acted in excess of his jurisdiction in dismissing the Testate Case, Certiorari is a proper remedy. An act done by a Probate Court in excess of its jurisdiction may be corrected by Certiorari. 13 And even assuming the existence of the remedy of appeal, we harken to the rule that in the broader interests of justice, a petition for Certiorari may be entertained, particularly where appeal would not afford speedy and adequate relief.
WHEREFORE, the Decision in question is set aside and the Orders of the Court of First Instance-Branch XI, Rizal, dated September 8, 1980 and December 19, 1980, are nullified. Special Proceeding No. Q-23304 is hereby remanded to said Court of First Instance-Branch XI, Rizal, therein to be reinstated and consolidated with Special Proceeding No. 8569 for further proceedings.
No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED.
Teehankee (Chairman), Makasiar, Plana and Relova, JJ., concur.
Vasquez, J., took no part.
Gutierrez, Jr., J., I concur.
Endnotes:
1. pp. 23-33, CA Rollo.
2. pp. 34-36, ibid.
3. Special Fifth Division composed of Justices B. S. de la Fuente, Oscar R. Victoriano and Onofre A. Villaluz, ponente.
4. Art. 838 Civil Code.
5. Guevarra v. Guevarra, 74 Phil. 479 (1943).
6. Montañano v. Suesa, 14 Phil. 676 (1909).
7. Palacios v. Palacios, 58 O.G. 220.
8. 17 SCRA 449 (1966).
9. 64 SCRA 452 (1975).
10. Nuguid v. Nuguid, supra.
11. ibid.
12. 46 SCRA 538 (1972).
13. Llamas v. Moscoso, 95 Phil. 599 (1954).
