EN BANC
[G.R. No. 16394. September 25, 1920. ]
THE UNITED STATES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOSE MONTAÑEZ, Defendant-Appellant.
Vicente R. Almazar for Appellant.
Acting Attorney-General Feria for Appellee.
SYLLABUS
1. CRIMINAL LAW; COMPLAINT OR INFORMATION; JURISDICTION. — In criminal causes the Court of First Instance in which a complaint or information is filed shall have jurisdiction over the subject-matter thereof if the criminal act set out in the allegations of the information is punished by law with a penalty which, because of its duration, falls within the jurisdiction of said court. (U. S. v. Mallari and Cueson, 24 Phil., 366, and U. S. v. Jimenez, 41 Phil., 1.) If according to the law, the court has no jurisdiction over the subject-matter, it can not take cognizance of the case, notwithstanding the silence or acquiescence of the accused. (U. S. v. De;la Santa, 9 Phil., 22; U. S. v. Jayme, 24 Phil., 90; and U. S. v. Jimenez, supra.)
2. ID.; ID.; ID.; "ESTAFA." — The crime of consummated estafa of a sum greater than 6,250 pesetas is punished with presidio correccional in its minimum and medium degrees by Article 534, case 3, of the Penal Code. Dealing with the frustrated felony thereof, as is alleged in the information, the penalty, according to article 65 of the Code aforementioned is that next lower in degree or arresto, and therefore falls out of the original jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance.
2. ID.; ID.; ID.; "ESTAFA." — The crime of consummated estafa of a sum greater than 6,250 pesetas is punished with presidio correccional in its minimum and medium degrees by Article 534, case 3, of the Penal Code. Dealing with the frustrated felony thereof, as is alleged in the information, the penalty, according to article 65 of the Code aforementioned is that next lower in degree or arresto, and therefore falls out of the original jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance.
D E C I S I O N
VILLAMOR, J.:
The appellant in this cause was convicted by the Court of First Instance for the city of Manila of the crime of frustrated estafa, and was sentenced to four months and twenty days of arresto mayor, with the accessories prescribed by law, and to pay the costs.
The information upon which the appellant was brought to trial and found guilty is as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"That on or about the first day of March, 1919, in the city of Manila, P. I., the said accused, Jose Montañez, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously intended to defraud the firm of Lutz & Co. of this city, having performed the following acts of execution which should have produced the crime of estafa as a consequence, to wit: He issued and drew upon the National Bank of the Philippine Islands and in favor of the firm Lutz & Co., aforesaid, in payment of 100 bales of white cloth (drill) of the trade-mark Rana, which the said Jose Montañez had brought from Lutz & Co., aforesaid, check No. 1095917 for the sum of P1,750, Philippine currency, equivalent to 8,750 pesetas, notwithstanding the fact that said accused very well knew that he did not have any deposit of money in said bank; but the said Jose Montañez did not succeed in defrauding said firm, not by reason of his voluntary desistance, but because the firm Lutz & Co. discovered on time that the said accused did not have any fund in the aforesaid National Bank of the Philippine Islands.
"That the accused is a recidivist having been once previously convicted and sentenced in a final judgment of a competent court for the crime of estafa."cralaw virtua1aw library
Appellant’s brief having been filed, the fiscal in his motion of September 14, 1920, prays for the dismissal of the cause for the reason that the Court of First Instance had no jurisdiction to try the crime alleged in the information. With the said motion the appellant agreed.
In order to determine the jurisdiction of the court in criminal cases, the information must be examined for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the facts alleged therein and the penalty provided by law for such acts fall within the jurisdiction of the court. If in the information facts are alleged sufficient to show that the court in which the information is filed has jurisdiction, then the court shall have jurisdiction. (U. S. v. Mallari and Cueson, 24 Phil., 366.)
A careful examination of the information herein quoted shows that according to article 535, No. 1, in connection with article 534, case 3, of the Penal Code, had the estafa been consummated, the facts set out therein would be punished with the penalty of presidio correccional in its minimum and medium degrees, for the amount intended to be embezzled exceeds 6,250 pesetas. If the crime was frustrated, as is alleged in the complaint, the, according to article 65 of said Code, the penalty that must be imposed upon the author thereof is that next lower in degree to that prescribed by law for the consummated felony of estafa, that is arresto mayor. It follows that the penalty prescribed by law for the felonious act alleged in the information can not exceed six months of arresto mayor; and therefore the Court of First Instance, according to section 56, paragraph 6, of Act No. 136, was without original jurisdiction to take cognizance of the cause by reason of the subject matter thereof.
The accused did not object to the jurisdiction of the court. His silence, nevertheless, can not produce any effect, for when the jurisdiction has not been conferred by law, the accused can not confer it by express waiver or otherwise. (U. S. v. De la Santa, 9 Phil., 22; U. S. v. Jayme, 24 Phil., 90.)
For the foregoing reasons the present cause is dismissed without special finding as to costs; and the fiscal may institute before the competent court the action which he may deem necessary for the prosecution of the same crime So ordered.
Mapa, C.J., Johnson, Araullo, Malcolm, Avanceña and Moir, JJ., concur.
The information upon which the appellant was brought to trial and found guilty is as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"That on or about the first day of March, 1919, in the city of Manila, P. I., the said accused, Jose Montañez, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously intended to defraud the firm of Lutz & Co. of this city, having performed the following acts of execution which should have produced the crime of estafa as a consequence, to wit: He issued and drew upon the National Bank of the Philippine Islands and in favor of the firm Lutz & Co., aforesaid, in payment of 100 bales of white cloth (drill) of the trade-mark Rana, which the said Jose Montañez had brought from Lutz & Co., aforesaid, check No. 1095917 for the sum of P1,750, Philippine currency, equivalent to 8,750 pesetas, notwithstanding the fact that said accused very well knew that he did not have any deposit of money in said bank; but the said Jose Montañez did not succeed in defrauding said firm, not by reason of his voluntary desistance, but because the firm Lutz & Co. discovered on time that the said accused did not have any fund in the aforesaid National Bank of the Philippine Islands.
"That the accused is a recidivist having been once previously convicted and sentenced in a final judgment of a competent court for the crime of estafa."cralaw virtua1aw library
Appellant’s brief having been filed, the fiscal in his motion of September 14, 1920, prays for the dismissal of the cause for the reason that the Court of First Instance had no jurisdiction to try the crime alleged in the information. With the said motion the appellant agreed.
In order to determine the jurisdiction of the court in criminal cases, the information must be examined for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the facts alleged therein and the penalty provided by law for such acts fall within the jurisdiction of the court. If in the information facts are alleged sufficient to show that the court in which the information is filed has jurisdiction, then the court shall have jurisdiction. (U. S. v. Mallari and Cueson, 24 Phil., 366.)
A careful examination of the information herein quoted shows that according to article 535, No. 1, in connection with article 534, case 3, of the Penal Code, had the estafa been consummated, the facts set out therein would be punished with the penalty of presidio correccional in its minimum and medium degrees, for the amount intended to be embezzled exceeds 6,250 pesetas. If the crime was frustrated, as is alleged in the complaint, the, according to article 65 of said Code, the penalty that must be imposed upon the author thereof is that next lower in degree to that prescribed by law for the consummated felony of estafa, that is arresto mayor. It follows that the penalty prescribed by law for the felonious act alleged in the information can not exceed six months of arresto mayor; and therefore the Court of First Instance, according to section 56, paragraph 6, of Act No. 136, was without original jurisdiction to take cognizance of the cause by reason of the subject matter thereof.
The accused did not object to the jurisdiction of the court. His silence, nevertheless, can not produce any effect, for when the jurisdiction has not been conferred by law, the accused can not confer it by express waiver or otherwise. (U. S. v. De la Santa, 9 Phil., 22; U. S. v. Jayme, 24 Phil., 90.)
For the foregoing reasons the present cause is dismissed without special finding as to costs; and the fiscal may institute before the competent court the action which he may deem necessary for the prosecution of the same crime So ordered.
Mapa, C.J., Johnson, Araullo, Malcolm, Avanceña and Moir, JJ., concur.
