FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. No. 1192. December 19, 1904. ]
THE UNITED STATES, Complainant-Appellee, v. LORENZO CASTRO ET AL., Defendants-Appellants.
W . A. Kincaid for Appellant.
Solicitor-General Araneta for Appellee.
SYLLABUS
1. CRIMINAL LAW; ROBBERY "EN CUADRILLA." — When the fact is proved that five armed men entered a camarin by night, and, using force, violence, and intimidation, carried some sugar and other goods away, amounting to the value of 17 pesos and 40 cents, besides a carabao worth 30 pesos, although this animal was recovered shortly afterwards, such fact is sufficient to constitute the crime of robbery "en cuadrilla," provided for and punished in subsection 5 of article 503 in connection with article 504 of the Penal Code.
2. ID.; ID.; AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES; NOCTURNITY. — In the crime of robbery "en cuadrilla" the aggravating circumstance of nocturnity should be considered when it appears from the facts of the case that the accused were neighbors, of the same place where they committed the crime, and the court which so holds is not in error.
2. ID.; ID.; AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES; NOCTURNITY. — In the crime of robbery "en cuadrilla" the aggravating circumstance of nocturnity should be considered when it appears from the facts of the case that the accused were neighbors, of the same place where they committed the crime, and the court which so holds is not in error.
D E C I S I O N
TORRES, J.:
The case now before the court is one of robbery "en cuadrilla" committed by a gang of five armed men, on the 22nd day of June, 1902, between 10 and 11 o’clock in the evening. The robbers broke into a camarin situated in the suburb of Bangildapo, municipality of Lubao, Pampanga, belonging to Mauricio L. de la Cruz, and, by force and intimidation, took and carried away some sugar and other goods amounting to 17 pesos and 40 centavos, and also a carabao, worth about 30 pesos, although this animal was recovered shortly afterwards.
The existence and reality of the crime is fully demonstrated by the testimony of the eyewitnesses Fabian Diua and Victor Maris, who were in the camarin at the time the crime was committed and in which place they were attacked by the accused with bolos. The guilt of the accused also appears confirmed in the proceedings of the case by the declarations of four individuals called Tiburcio Miranda, Silvino Belleza, Clemente Carlos, and Silvino Sabado, all of them witnesses for the defense, who affirm having heard of the robbery, which was public in Lubao and other surrounding municipalities.
Of the five accused, two of them, Eugenio Lingad and Felix Morales, died during the course of the proceedings, and those surviving, called Lorenzo Castro alias Proceso, Melencio Jimenez, and Juan Lingad, pleaded "not guilty" when arraigned. However, the evidence in the case proves clearly that the latter three, together with the two deceased, are guilty of the crime of robbery "en cuadrilla," for which they are now prosecuted.
The eyewitness, Fabian Diua, who was in charge of the camarin, testified as to the details of the said robbery, and was able to recognize the five accused, who were all inhabitants of the same town, since the latter, on breaking violently into the camarin, revived the flames of the fire that was burning there, in order to light the interior of the said camarin; and if the other witness, Victor Maris, who substantially corroborated Diua’s testimony, did not furnish as many details as Diua, it was due to the fact that the robbers forced him to lay with his face down on the ground, and covered him with a mat, but he affirms to have heard the noise when the robbers broke the molds and casks to carry away the sugar that was contained in them.
These declarations, each consistent with the other, and all uncontested; the fact that the stolen carabao was found and recovered in a place not far from the house of Lorenzo Castro, and the circumstance that the accused were neighbors of a suburb of the municipality of Lubao, and that therefore it was easy for them to approach the place where the robbery was committed, are all conclusive proof of the guilt of the accused, notwithstanding the alibi they pretended to establish, which indeed, has not been duly justified, since the declarations of the witnesses for the defense refer only to the night of the 23d — the day following that on which the robbery was committed. Furthermore, there is a lack of precision and clearness in these declarations besides their improbability. But even granting that the day of the occurrence was the 23d, the alibi alleged by the accused can not be considered as proved, and for this reason it can not be considered as proved, and for this reason it can not neutralize the result of the evidence against them.
The sentence appealed from should be affirmed. In this judgment the court, considering the concurrence of the aggravating circumstance of nocturnity, without any extenuation, sentenced each one of the accused to nine years of presidio mayor, with the accessory penalties determined in article 57 of the Penal Code; to the restitution of the stolen goods or the payment of their value, without being subject to subsidiary imprisonment on account of the character of the principal penalty, and, furthermore, sentencing each one to the payment of one-fifth of the costs. The case was finally dismissed as regards the two deceased, with the costs de oficio.
In view, therefore, of all considerations stated, we are of opinion that the judgment appealed from must be affirmed, with the costs in this instance charged in the same way as in the former, and that the case be remanded to the court of its origin with a certified copy of this decision and of the judgment that shall be rendered for the execution thereof. So ordered.
Arellano, C.J., Mapa, Johnson and Carson, JJ., concur.
The existence and reality of the crime is fully demonstrated by the testimony of the eyewitnesses Fabian Diua and Victor Maris, who were in the camarin at the time the crime was committed and in which place they were attacked by the accused with bolos. The guilt of the accused also appears confirmed in the proceedings of the case by the declarations of four individuals called Tiburcio Miranda, Silvino Belleza, Clemente Carlos, and Silvino Sabado, all of them witnesses for the defense, who affirm having heard of the robbery, which was public in Lubao and other surrounding municipalities.
Of the five accused, two of them, Eugenio Lingad and Felix Morales, died during the course of the proceedings, and those surviving, called Lorenzo Castro alias Proceso, Melencio Jimenez, and Juan Lingad, pleaded "not guilty" when arraigned. However, the evidence in the case proves clearly that the latter three, together with the two deceased, are guilty of the crime of robbery "en cuadrilla," for which they are now prosecuted.
The eyewitness, Fabian Diua, who was in charge of the camarin, testified as to the details of the said robbery, and was able to recognize the five accused, who were all inhabitants of the same town, since the latter, on breaking violently into the camarin, revived the flames of the fire that was burning there, in order to light the interior of the said camarin; and if the other witness, Victor Maris, who substantially corroborated Diua’s testimony, did not furnish as many details as Diua, it was due to the fact that the robbers forced him to lay with his face down on the ground, and covered him with a mat, but he affirms to have heard the noise when the robbers broke the molds and casks to carry away the sugar that was contained in them.
These declarations, each consistent with the other, and all uncontested; the fact that the stolen carabao was found and recovered in a place not far from the house of Lorenzo Castro, and the circumstance that the accused were neighbors of a suburb of the municipality of Lubao, and that therefore it was easy for them to approach the place where the robbery was committed, are all conclusive proof of the guilt of the accused, notwithstanding the alibi they pretended to establish, which indeed, has not been duly justified, since the declarations of the witnesses for the defense refer only to the night of the 23d — the day following that on which the robbery was committed. Furthermore, there is a lack of precision and clearness in these declarations besides their improbability. But even granting that the day of the occurrence was the 23d, the alibi alleged by the accused can not be considered as proved, and for this reason it can not be considered as proved, and for this reason it can not neutralize the result of the evidence against them.
The sentence appealed from should be affirmed. In this judgment the court, considering the concurrence of the aggravating circumstance of nocturnity, without any extenuation, sentenced each one of the accused to nine years of presidio mayor, with the accessory penalties determined in article 57 of the Penal Code; to the restitution of the stolen goods or the payment of their value, without being subject to subsidiary imprisonment on account of the character of the principal penalty, and, furthermore, sentencing each one to the payment of one-fifth of the costs. The case was finally dismissed as regards the two deceased, with the costs de oficio.
In view, therefore, of all considerations stated, we are of opinion that the judgment appealed from must be affirmed, with the costs in this instance charged in the same way as in the former, and that the case be remanded to the court of its origin with a certified copy of this decision and of the judgment that shall be rendered for the execution thereof. So ordered.
Arellano, C.J., Mapa, Johnson and Carson, JJ., concur.
