1. CRIMINAL LAW; HOMICIDE; CIRCUMSTANCES. — Though the accused was the aggressor alevosia was not established by the evidence beyond reasonable doubt. There was no convincing evidence of known premeditation. In the absence of these qualifying circumstances the offense was homicide, not murder, with two mitigating circumstances, immediate provocation or threats on the part of the deceased, and that the act was committed in the immediate vindication of a grave offense to the accused and to his wife.

This is an appeal from a judgment of the Court of First Instance of Bohol, convicting the appellant of the crime of murder upon the following information:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph

"Que en o hacia el dia 12 de julio, 1932, en el Municipio de Sikatuna, Provincia de Bohol, Islas Filipinas, y dentro de la jurisdiccion de este Juzgado, el referido acusado Gabriel Paman con el proposito deliberado de dar muerte a uno llamado Faustino Piquit voluntaria, ilegal y criminalmente acometio y agredio con su bolo a dicho Piquit sin darle oportunidad de defenderse, infiriendole varias heridas graves que causaron la muerte instantanea del mencionado Faustino Piquit."cralaw virtua1aw library

The appellant was condemned to eighteen years, ten months and fifteen days of reclusion temporal and required to pay P1,000 as indemnity to the heirs of the deceased.

The appellant makes the following assignments of error:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph

"1. El Juzgado inferior erro al hallar como hecho probado que concurren las circunstancias de premeditacion y alevosia en el acto de herir y dar muerte a Faustino Piquit el acusado apelante Gabriel Paman.

"2. El Juzgado a quo erro al hallar como hecho probado que el acusado apelante Gabriel Paman era quien hizo la primera agresion ilegitima contra Faustino Piquit, el occiso, y al no hallar como un hecho probado que Faustino Piquit era quien hizo la primera agresion ilegitima contra el acusado seg