THIRD DIVISION
G.R. No. 200075, April 04, 2018
SALIC MAPANDI Y DIMAAMPAO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.
D E C I S I O N
MARTIRES, J.:
Before us is an appeal by way of petition for review on certiorari from the 20 December 2011 Decision1 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CR H.C. No. 04535. The instant petition was reinstated after we granted Salic Mapandi y Dimaampao's (Mapandi) motion for reconsideration and set aside our earlier Resolution dated 25 April 2012.2 After the Office of the Solicitor General filed its comment to the petition, we now resolve the petition at hand.
That on or about the Tenth (10th) day of November 2007, in the City of Olongapo, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, without being lawfully authorized, did then and there willfully, unlawfully, and knowingly sell, deliver, and give away to another person P500.00 (SN CV441949) worth of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride, otherwise known as "shabu" which is a dangerous drug, in one (1) heat sealed transparent plastic sachet weighing sixteen grams and one-tenth of a gram (16.1).On 21 February 2008, Mapandi, with the assistance of counsel, was arraigned and entered a plea of not guilty. Pre-trial and trial on the merits followed.
CONTRARY TO LAW.3
WHEREFORE, the Court finds the accused SALIC MAPANDI y DIMAAMPAO GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of Violation of Section 5, R.A. No. 9165 and hereby sentences him to suffer the penalty of life imprisonment and to pay a fine of P500,000.00 plus costs, and to suffer the accessory penalties under Section 35 thereof.The Assailed CA Decision
Accused Salic Mapandi being under detention shall be credited in the service of his sentence with the full time during which he had undergone preventive imprisonment subject to the conditions imposed under Art. 29 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended.
The one (1) heat-sealed transparent plastic sachet of "shabu" weighing 16.1 grams is forfeited in favor of the government and to be disposed of in accordance with law.
SO DECIDED.5
Finally, it has been shown that the chain of custody of the seized shabu was continuous and unbroken. The evidence has shown that the "shabu" sold by accused-appellant remained in the possession of PO2 Javier from the moment of delivery and when markings were made at the crime scene and at the police station where it was turned over to PO2 Pundavela. PO2 Pundavela then prepared the evidence custodian report and receipt of property seized affirming that he received the same from both PO2 Javier and PO1 Domingo, and which was promptly delivered to the PNP Crime Laboratory for examination. PO2 Javier identified before the court the drug sachet submitted at the PNP crime laboratory as the same drug he received from the accused-appellant during the buy-bust operation. Here, the key persons who came in direct contact with the shabu were presented in court and corroborated each other's testimony on how the seized drugs changed hands establishing an unbroken chain of custody.From this CA decision, the case is now before us for final review.
Be that as it may, from the language of Section 21, the failure to observe strict compliance under justifiable grounds does not ipso facto render void and invalid such seizures of and custody over said items, for as long as the integrity and evidentiary value of the seized items are properly preserved by the apprehending officers. Here, while the police officers may not have strictly followed to the letter the prescribed procedure, it was sufficiently shown that the substances seized were the same substances which were taken from the accused-appellant and subjected to forensic examination. The integrity and evidentiary value of the seized items have been properly preserved.
WHEREFORE, the appeal is DENIED. The Decision dated 04 May 2010 of the Regional Trial Court, Branch 75, Olongapo City is hereby AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.6
SEC. 3. Mode of appeal. An appeal to the Supreme Court may be taken only by a petition for review on certiorari, except in criminal cases where the penalty imposed is death, reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment.Mapandi clearly availed of the wrong mode of appeal by filing a petition for review on certiorari, despite having been sentenced by the lower court to life imprisonment. The reason for this exception is obvious: an appeal in criminal cases throws the entire case wide open for review and the reviewing tribunal can correct errors, though unassigned in the appealed judgment; or even reverse the trial court's decision based on grounds other than those that the parties raised as errors.7 The appeal confers the appellate court full jurisdiction over the case and renders such court competent to examine records, revise the Judgment appealed from, increase the penalty, and cite the proper provision of the penal law.8
Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment. - The PDEA shall take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment so confiscated, seized and/or surrendered, for proper disposition in the following manner:The provision dictates that the apprehending team shall, immediately after confiscation, conduct a physical inventory and photograph the seized items in the presence of the accused or the person from whom the items were seized, his representative or counsel, a representative from the media and the Department of Justice, and any elected public official.
(1) The apprehending team having initial custody and control of the drugs shall, immediately after seizure and confiscation, physically inventory and photograph the same in the presence of the accused or person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the media and the Department of Justice (DOJ), and any elected public official who shall be required to sign the copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof;
(2) Within twenty-four (24) hours upon confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment, the same shall be submitted to the PDEA Forensic Laboratory for a qualitative and quantitative examination;
(3) A certification of the forensic laboratory examination results, which shall be done under oath by the forensic laboratory examiner, shall be issued within twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of the subject items: Provided, that when the volume of dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and essential chemicals does not allow the completion of the testing within the time frame, a partial laboratory examination report shall be provisionally issued stating therein the qualities of dangerous drugs still to be examined by the forensic laboratory: Provided, however, that a final certification shall be issued on the completed forensic laboratory examination on the same within the next twenty-four (24) hours; [x x x]
Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized and/or Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment. — x x x (a) The apprehending officer/team having initial custody and control of the drugs shall, immediately after seizure and confiscation, physically inventory and photograph the same in the presence of the accused or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the media and the Department of Justice (DOJ), and any elected public official who shall be required to sign the copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof: Provided, that the physical inventory and photograph shall be conducted at the place where the search warrant is served; or at the nearest police station or the nearest office of the apprehending officer/team, whichever is practicable, in case of warrantless seizures; Provided, further, that noncompliance with these requirements under justifiable grounds, as long as the integrity and the evidentiary value of the seized items are properly preserved by the apprehending officer/team, shall not render void and invalid such seizures of and custody over said items.10 [underscoring ours]While in certain cases the last proviso in the IRR was used to justify the procedural lapses of the apprehending team, we have to be mindful that the proviso operates only when there was noncompliance with the procedure found in Section 21 of R.A. No. 9165. Before going into the links of the chain of custody, we have to first check if the statutory safeguards have been complied with.
First, the seizure and marking, if practicable, of the illegal drug recovered from the accused by the apprehending officer;Without having to consider the other three (3) links, we can already conclude that the chain of custody was not preserved in this case because the prosecution failed to prove the most important and crucial link — marking the seized drug.
Second, the turnover of the illegal drug seized by the apprehending officer to the investigating officer;
Third, the turnover by the investigating officer of the illegal drug to the forensic chemist for laboratory examination; and
Fourth, the turnover and submission of the marked illegal drug seized from the forensic chemist to the court.14
The first stage in the chain of custody rule is the marking of the dangerous drugs or related items. Marking, which is the affixing on the dangerous drugs or related items by the apprehending officer or the poseur-buyer of his initials or signature or other identifying signs, should be made in the presence of the apprehended violator immediately upon arrest. The importance of the prompt marking cannot be denied, because succeeding handlers of the dangerous drugs or related items will use the marking as reference. Also, the marking operates to set apart as evidence the dangerous drugs or related items from other material from the moment they are confiscated until they are disposed of at the close of the criminal proceedings, thereby forestalling switching, planting or contamination of evidence. In short, the marking immediately upon confiscation or recovery of the dangerous drugs or related items is indispensable in the preservation of their integrity and evidentiary value.17With this in mind, we note that PO2 Javier testified that he marked the drugs when he returned to the police station after the buy-bust operation:
From his testimony, we gather that he had marked the seized item with his initials "HJ." However, upon closer examination of the documents prepared after the buy-bust operation, i.e., the affidavit of apprehension, the receipt of property/evidence seized, and the request for laboratory examination, show that the markings on the supposed confiscated drug was "DEG-SDM-01-11-10-07."19 Even the chemistry report indicates that the specimen that was examined was "one (1) heat-sealed transparent plastic sachet with markings "DEG-SDM-01-11-10-07 containing 16.1 grams of alleged Methamphetamine Hydrochloride" and not an item that was marked with "HJ."20 On this discrepancy alone, the prosecution's evidence establishing the chain of custody shatters because we are uncertain if what was examined in the laboratory was the same item that was confiscated from Mapandi. If the point of marking is to set it apart from other pieces of evidence of similar nature or to ensure that there was no planting or switching evidence, we cannot say those objectives were met under these circumstances.
Q: And you said Salic Mapandi was arrested, where was he brought? A: At our office, sir, at Camp Cabal. Q: And what about the shabu that you bought, who brought that to your office? A: I [did], sir. Q: And at the office, what happened? A: I put my marking on the confiscated suspected shabu, sir. Q: What marking [did] you place? A: The initials of my name, sir. "HJ," sir. Q: After you placed the markings, what happened next? A: I turned it over to our Desk Officer, sir. PO2 Puntavera, sir. Q: What was turned over to [PO2] Puntavera? A: The confiscated shabu, sir.18
| Very truly yours, |
(SGD) | |
WILFREDO V. LAPITAN | |
Division Clerk of Court |
"WHEREFORE, premises considered, the 20 December 2011 Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CR H.C. No. 04535 is REVERSED and SET ASIDE. Salic Mapandi y Dimaampao is hereby ACQUITTED for failure of the prosecution to prove his guilt beyond reasonable doubt. He is ordered immediately RELEASED from detention, unless he is detained for any other lawful cause.NOW, THEREFORE, You are hereby ordered to immediately release SALIC MAPANDI y DIMAAMPAO unless there are other lawful causes for which he should be further detained, and to return this Order with the certificate of your proceedings within five (5) days from notice hereof.
Let a copy of this Decision be furnished the Director of the Bureau of Corrections, Muntinlupa City, for immediate implementation. The Director of the Bureau of Corrections is directed to report to this Court the action he has taken within five (5) days from receipt of this Decision.
SO ORDERED."
| Very truly yours, |
(SGD) | |
WILFREDO V. LAPITAN | |
Division Clerk of Court |
Endnotes:
1Rollo, pp. 26-36. Penned by Associate Justice Manuel M. Barrios and concurred in by Associate Justices Juan Q. Enriquez, Jr. and Apolinario D. Bruselas, Jr.
2 Id. at 127.
3 Id. at 45.
4 Records, pp. 292-298.
5 Id. at 298.
6Rollo, pp. 34-35.
7Ramos v. People, G.R. No. 218466, 23 January 2017.
8People v. Bagamano, G.R. No. 222658, 17 August 2016, 801 SCRA 209, 214, citing People v. Comboy, G.R. No. 218399, 2 March 2016, 785 SCRA 512, 521.
9 The identity of the confiscated drugs is preserved when we can say that drugs presented offered as evidence in court is the exact same item that was seized or confiscated from the accused at the time of his arrest. The preservation of the drugs' integrity, on the other hand, means that its evidentiary value is intact as it was not subject to planting, switching, tampering or any other circumstance that cast doubt as to its existence.
10 In R.A. No. 106640, the amendment, to Section 21 of R.A. No. 9165 was introduced where the last proviso in the IRR was incorporated in the law itself.
11People v. Cayas, 789 Phil. 70, 79 (2016); People v. Havana, 776 Phil. 462, 475-476 (2016).
12People v. Viterbo, 739 Phil. 593, 603 (2014); People v. Umpiang, 686 Phil. 1024, 1038 (2012); People v. Alagarme, 754 Phil. 449, 458 (2012).
13 624 Phil. 289 (2010).
14 Id at 304.
15Valencia v. People, 725 Phil. 268, 280 (2014), citing People v. Coreche, 612 Phil. 1238, 1245 (2009).
16People v. Gonzales, 708 Phil. 121 (2013).
17 Id. at 130-131.
18 TSN, July 1, 2008, pp. 20-21.
19 Records, pp. 5-10.
20 Id. at 12.