SECOND DIVISION
G.R. No. 227405, September 05, 2018
OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN, Petitioner, v. AMADO M. BLOR, JESUS R. BARRERA, ANGELINA O. QUIJANO, POTENCIANO G. VICEDO, MIRAFLOR B. SOLIVEN, AND ANNIE F. CONSTANTINO, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
CARPIO, J.:
WHEREFORE, respondents AMADO M. BLOR, Provincial Agrarian Reform Officer I, JESUS R. BARRERA, Chief Agrarian Reform Program Officer, Administrative and Finance Division, and Chairman, Bids and Awards Committee, ANGELINA O. QUIJANO, Chief Agrarian Reform Officer, Beneficiaries Development Coordinating Division, POTENCIANO G. VICEDO, OIC, Chief Agrarian Reform Officer, LESTER P. ABELEDA, Legal Officer, MIRAFLOR B. SOLIVEN, OIC-Accountant II, and ANNIE CONSTANTINO, Acting Budget Officer/Bookkeeper, all of the Department of Agrarian Reform Provincial Office (DARPO) San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, are hereby found GUILTY of Grave Misconduct and are meted with the penalty of DISMISSAL from the service with cancellation of eligibility, forfeiture of retirement benefits, and perpetual disqualification from holding public office, as well as in government-owned and -controlled corporations, pursuant to the Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service.On 31 October 2014, respondents filed a Motion for Reconsideration. In its Order dated 14 November 2014,27 the Office of the Deputy Ombudsman for Luzon denied their motion.
SO ORDERED.26
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the APPEAL is found PARTLY MERITORIOUS. The assailed Decision and Order dated 15 September 2014 and 14 November 2014, respectively, are hereby MODIFIED, to the effect that only petitioners Jesus R. Barrera, Angelina O. Quijano, and Annie [F.] Constantino are found guilty of GRAVE MISCONDUCT, and are meted the penalty of DISMISSAL and its attendant penalties of cancellation of eligibility, forfeiture of retirement benefits, and perpetual disqualification for reemployment in the government service.Upon motion by respondents Barrera, Quijano, and Constantino, the Court of Appeals reconsidered its Decision dated 22 January 2016 and appreciated their length of government service and being first-time offenders to have mitigated their liability. On the other hand, the Court of Appeals denied the Motion for Partial Reconsideration filed by petitioner. The dispositive portion of the Resolution dated 18 August 201631 reads:
On the other hand, the complaint against petitioners Amado M. Blor, Potenciano G. Vicedo, and Miraflor B. Soliven is DISMISSED.
SO ORDERED.30
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Motion for Reconsideration filed by petitioners-movants is hereby found PARTLY MERITORIOUS.
The 22 January 2016 Decision is hereby MODIFIED, to the effect that petitioners Jesus R. Barrera, Angelina Quijano, and Annie [F.] Constantino are hereby meted the penalty of suspension for one (1) year without pay in lieu of dismissal with its attendant penalties, for the offense of Grave Misconduct committed through flagrant disregard of R.A. 9184.
On the other hand, the Motion for Partial Reconsideration filed by the Office of the Ombudsman is DENIED.
SO ORDERED.32
Evaluating now the DARPO's shopping for iPads in light of the above mentioned standards, We are persuaded that the law on procurement was not observed in the acquisition of these devices. We elaborate the reasons below.The Court sees no reason to deviate from these findings.
Principally, by no means can an Apple iPad be considered an ordinary or regular office supply. Petitioners have not satisfactorily explained why they specifically need an Apple iPad to carry out their transactions or duties. Their arguments that an iPad should be treated as an ordinary or regular office supply borders on the absurd. They would have an iPad be classified with pens, paper clips, bond papers, ink, and similar items and supplies normally used and consumed in a typical office in the course of its daily operations.
x x x x
Second, the acquisition of Apple iPads also contravened the "no brand name rule" in procurement, x x x.
x x x x
Thus, assuming tablets were needed, the procurement need not have been limited to Apple products. We take judicial notice that an Apple iPad occupies the top rung on the tablet ladder and commands an expensive price. Notably, there are cheaper tablets available on the market and which perform substantially the same functions as an Apple iPad. Consequently, had Sec. 18 been observed, the government would have spent substantially less for each tablet.
Aside from the nature of the goods procured by shopping, We also find that the requirement for posting has not been complied with. This has even been admitted by the petitioners. Sec. 54.2 of the RIRR elucidates on this condition, x x x.
x x x x
The defects of the procurement, however, do not stop here. A more fundamental error lay with the non-inclusion of the purchase in the DARPO's Annual Procurement Plan ("APP"), which under the RIRR is indispensable, x x x.
x x x x
Another lapse is that no Resolution from the Bids and Awards Committee prescribed the resort to shopping. The argument that such a Resolution is necessary only when the procurement is included in the original APP, and not in an updated one, is weak and baseless.
x x x x
Given the above observations, We are convinced that there was a deficient compliance with the law. The erroneous procedure to facilitate the procurement as well as the extraordinary nature of the subject goods, which cannot be shopped, all point to a procurement inconsistent with R.A. No. 9184 and its RIRR.33
SECTION 12. Functions of the BAC. - The BAC shall have the following functions: advertise and/or post the invitation to bid, conduct pre-procurement and pre-bid conferences, determine the eligibility of prospective bidders, receive bids, conduct the evaluation of bids, undertake post-qualification proceedings, recommend award of contracts to the Head of the Procuring Entity or his duly authorized representative: Provided, That in the event the Head of the Procuring Entity shall disapprove such recommendation, such disapproval shall be based only on valid, reasonable and justifiable grounds to be expressed in writing, copy furnished the BAC; recommend the imposition of sanctions in accordance with Article XXIII, and perform such other related functions as may be necessary, including the creation of a Technical Working Group from a pool of technical, financial and/or legal experts to assist in the procurement process.The functions of the BAC are echoed in Sections 12.1 and 12.2 of the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (RIRR), and even in the earlier IRR, of RA 9184.
In proper cases, the BAC shall also recommend to the Head of the Procuring Entity the use of Alternative Methods of Procurement as provided for in Article XVI hereof.
The BAC shall be responsible for ensuring that the Procuring Entity abides by the standards set forth by this Act and the IRR, and it shall prepare a procurement monitoring report that shall be approved and submitted by the Head of the Procuring Entity to the GPPB on a semestral basis. The contents and coverage of this report shall be provided in the IRR.
Even though it affirmed the administrative guilt of the respondents for grave misconduct and gross neglect of duty, warranting the penalty of dismissal from service, the CA downgraded their penalty to one (1) year suspension without pay. The appellate court explained that aside from the fact that there was no proof of overpricing or damage to the government, the length of government service of the respondents should mitigate their penalty, x x x.To recall, when the procurement of iPad units was broached during the Management Committee meeting on 17 June 2013, none of respondents Barrera, Quijano, Vicedo, and Constantino objected or raised that the purchase of the devices must undergo public bidding. What is more, respondents Barrera, Quijano, and Vicedo happened to be the end users of the requisition. Further, respondent Constantino sent RFQs to three stores in Manila the immediately following day, showing the lack of intent to follow the regular procedure. A week after the Management Committee meeting and well within the seven-day posting period of the requisition at PhilGEPS, a check dated 24 June 2013 was already issued in favor of the supplier with the lowest quotation. To the mind of the Court, all these undisputed facts constitute substantial evidence against respondents Barrera, Quijano, Vicedo, and Constantino on their clear intent to violate the law. Hence, their length of service in the government and lack of prior disciplinary record cannot mitigate their liability.
x x x x
The Court disagrees.
First, the element of misappropriation is not indispensable in an administrative charge of grave misconduct. Thus, the lack of proof of overpricing or damage to the government does not ipso facto amount to a mitigated penalty.
Second, length of service is not a magic phrase that, once invoked, will automatically be considered as a mitigating circumstance in favor of the party invoking it. Length of service can either be a mitigating or aggravating circumstance depending on the factual milieu of each case. Length of service, in other words, is an alternative circumstance.
In University of the Philippines v. Civil Service Commission, the length of service of the respondent therein was not considered; instead, the Court took it against the said respondent because her length of service, among other things, helped her in the commission of the offense. In Bondoc v. Mantala, it was asserted that jurisprudence was replete with cases declaring that a grave offense could not be mitigated by the fact that the accused was a first-time offender or by the length of service of the accused. While in most cases, length of service was considered in favor of the respondent, it was not considered where the offense committed was found to be serious or grave.
Here, Martel and GuiƱares had been the Provincial Accountant and the Provincial Treasurer, respectively, and both were members of the PBAC for a number of years. With their extensive experience, it was expected that they were knowledgeable with the various laws on the procurement process. Thus, it is truly appalling that the respondents failed to apply the basic rule that all procurement shall be done through competitive bidding and that only in exceptional circumstances could public bidding be dispensed with. As previously discussed, they also committed several violations during the course of the procurement which underscored the seriousness of their transgressions.
As for respondents Blor x x x and Soliven, while they were not members of the BAC, the role played by them, in cahoots with the other respondents who were members of the BAC, [was] indispensable to the subject transaction.Further, respondent Blor issued Special Order No. 11-2013, enumerating the responsibilities of the BAC, and Special Order No. 8-2012, describing the functions of the Inspection and Canvass Committees. Hence, respondent Blor cannot feign ignorance about the rules on government procurement. Respondent Soliven also accompanied respondent Constantino, a BAC member, to Manila to canvass iPads and their travel order was signed by respondent Blor. Most telling, respondents Blor and Soliven signed the updated APP, inserting the requisition for the six iPad units previously not found in the original APP for 2013. Collectively, the acts of respondents evince a community of design between the BAC officers and members, on the one hand, and the head and the accountant of the procuring entity, on the other, to circumvent the proper procedure on government procurement.
To stress, Blor was the head of the procuring entity. He approved the RIS and DV. He "gave the go signal" that prompted the BAC to procure the iPads through shopping. He also approved the payment of the iPads despite the lack of requisite documentation. On top of it, he is an end user. xxx. Meanwhile, respondent Soliven certified in the DV that supporting documents are complete and proper despite the absence of a BAC Resolution approved by the head of the entity which justifies] the use of the alternative mode of procurement, and notice of posting for seven days in the PhilGEPS, in the website of the Procuring Entity and its electronic procurement service provider, if any, and in any conspicuous place in the premises of the Procuring Entity.35
Endnotes:
* Designated additional member per Special Order No. 2587 dated 28 August 2018.
1Rollo, pp. 62-82. Penned by Associate Justice Marlene Gonzales-Sison, with Associate Justices Ramon A. Cruz and Henri Jean Paul B. Inting concurring.
2 Id. at 85-100.
3 Id. at 154-155.
4 Id. at 161.
5 Id. at 155. Per Special Order No. 11-2013.
6 Id. at 162, 342.
7 Id.
8 Id. at 175-177, 344-346.
9 Id. at 178.
10 Id.
11 Id. at 397.
12 Id. at 343.
13 Id. at 351-352.
14 Id.
15 Id. at 179-181.
16 Id. at 182.
17 Id. at 183.
18 Id. at 184.
19 Id. at 194.
20 Id. at 302-306.
21 Id. at 369, 625.
22 Id. at 171-174.
23 Id. at 222.
24 Id. at 144-153.
25 Id. at 131-141.
26 Id. at 140.
27 Id. at 142-143.
28 Id. at 80.
29 Id. at 62-82.
30 Id. at 81.
31 Id. at 85-100.
32 Id. at 99-100.
33 Id. at 74-77.
34 G.R. No. 221134, 1 March 2017, 819 SCRA 131, 146-147.
35Rollo, pp. 136-137.
36Bureau of Internal Revenue v. Organo, 468 Phil. 111, 118 (2004).
37Chavez v. Garcia, 783 Phil. 562, 573 (2016).
38Office of the Ombudsman-Mindanao v. Martel, supra note 34.
39Office of the Ombudsman-Mindanao v. Martel, supra note 34.