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PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

FIRST DIVISION

[G.R. No. L-4376. March 26, 1908. ]

THE UNITED STATES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. LIM SIP, (alias TANQUI) ET AL., Defendants-Appellants.

Thos D. Aitken, for Appellants.

Attorney-General Araneta, for Appellee.

SYLLABUS


1. CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE; PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE; ACQUITTAL. — In order to establish the criminal liability of the presumed author of a fully proven crime, and in order to convict him by circumstantial evidence, it is indispensable that the evidence be derived from interrelated facts and duly proven in the case in a manner that will lead to the logical and rational conclusion, beyond all reasonable doubt, that the accused is the author of the crime; because if his guilt is not satisfactorily established, there always arises a presumption of his innocence until the contrary is proved, and in such a case he is unquestionably entitled to be acquitted.


D E C I S I O N


TORRES, J.:


On the morning of the 16th of May, 1907, when Juan Mauricio, the man in charge of the warehouse, went to said warehouse, he noticed that the padlocks that secured the door of the same had disappeared; the door was closed and the bolt was in its place but the padlocks were missing. He further noticed that the hole at the end of the bolt was covered with oil, and one of the padlocks was put in it showing sings of having been forced. On entering the warehouse he saw that twenty bolts of merino, which had been taken out of the cases on the previous evening, were missing, and close to the cases he found a bag and a candle; on the previous evening which was a Wednesday, he had left the warehouse closed and the door properly secured. Upon the matter having been reported to the police authorities, a member thereof, George W. Walker, went to the warehouse and inspected the place where the robbery was committed, and as the result of his investigations the accused were arrested.

A complaint was filed charging the three Chinamen with the crime of robbery, and on the 6th of June, 1907, the court below sentenced Chan Sin to the penalty of four years nine months and ten days’ imprisonment with hard labor, and to indemnify the copartnership of Behn, Meyer & Co, in the sum of P600, or in case of insolvency to suffer the corresponding subsidiary imprisonment; Lim Sip was sentenced to one year and eight months imprisonment, and each of them to pay one-half of the costs. By an order of court of July 2 following, the charge against Go Tui was dismissed with the costs de oficio. From this judgment the counsel for the accused Chan Sin and Lim Slip has appealed.

The record shows the existence and reality of the robbery of about twenty bolts of black merino, the property of the copartnership Behn, Meyer & Co., of the value of P608, or 3,040 pesetas, all of which is fully proven, the same having been committed in a warehouse, an uninhabited place, the door of which, although properly closed and secured, the thieves managed to open after breaking the to padlocks that secured it. This crime is defined and punished by article 512 of the Penal Code.

Notwithstanding the fact that the crime has been clearly proven, the case, however, offers no sufficient proof of the guilt of the accused Lim Sip (alias Tan Qui) and Chan Sin (alias Chan Chi), the charges of the prosecution, such as the finding of a crowbar at the house of the latter, Chan Sin, where several other Chinamen lived, which has not been proven to belong to either of the two accused; the statements made by Chan Sin to the policeman Walker not confirmed by the interpreter, William Compton, or by any other person and the circumstantial evidence in the case are not sufficient to demonstrate the guilt of the said accused, inasmuch as, in order to established the liability of the criminal, and to convict him by circumstantial evidence, it is necessary that the evidence be derived from interrelated facts and properly proven in such manner that they definitely lead to the logical and rational conclusion, beyond all reasonable doubt, that the accused is the author of the crime, because where his guilt has not been satisfactory established, there always arises the presumption of his innocence; and until the contrary is proven he is unquestionable entitled to an acquittal. As to Go Tui, upon request of the prosecuting attorney his case was dismissed on the 2d of July, 1907, with the costs de oficio.

In view of the foregoing it is our opinion that the judgment appealed from should be reserved, as we do hereby reverse the same, and that the accused Lim Sip (alias Tan Qui) and Chan Sin (alias Chan Chi) should be acquitted with the costs de oficio. So ordered.

Arellano, C.J., Mapa, Johnson, Willard and Tracey, JJ., concur.

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