THIRD DIVISION
[A.M. No. MTJ-00-1262 April 6, 2000.]
(Formerly O.C.A I.P.I. No. 97-295 MTJ)
RODOLFO M. TAPIRU, Complainant, v. JUDGE PINERA A. BIDEN, Respondent.
D E C I S I O N
VITUG, J.:
On 24 February 1997, Rodolfo M. Tapiru filed before the Office of the Court Administrator ("OCA") a complaint against Judge Pinera Biden, Presiding Judge of the 6th Municipal Trial Court of Kabugao, Apayao, charging the latter with arbitrary detention, grave misconduct, and grave abuse of authority.
The antecedents of this administrative case started when, on 10 October 1996, Orlando Laylay and Romero Bucnag were being investigated by the Kabugao Police for the murder of one Dacusin Awisi. In the course of the investigation, Laylay pointed to complainant’s son, Richard Tapiru, as being the assailant in the killing on 28 July 1996 of a certain Mario Antonio Maglama. Upon the request of the police investigators, Juan Tapiru, an uncle of Richard Tapiru, accompanied the latter to the police station. On the same day, 10 October 1996, Chief of Police Marner Dacayon requested for a judicial order for the protective custody of Richard Tapiru which respondent judge forthwith granted even before any criminal case could be filed. Complainant asserted that Richard Tapiru did not voluntarily appear before the police but was arrested without warrant on 8 October 1996 or two days before respondent issued his 10th October 1996 order aforesaid. Richard Tapiru was allegedly forced to remain in custody until 31 December 1996. 1
According to complainant, the above .incident was not the first time that respondent judge and his "cohorts" at the Philippine National Police ("PNP") filed false charges against his son. 2 In another case for "Alarms and Scandals" against Richard Tapiru filed by PNP Cpl. Manuel Enciso, and lodged in the sala of respondent judge, the latter wrote a letter pressuring the Tapirus to enter into an amicable settlement with Cpl. Enciso. 3
Complainant additionally charged respondent Judge for having reportedly prevented the arrest of his own son, Hatcher Biden, an accused in a case for attempted murder 4 and, likewise, for conducting adoption proceedings despite his court’s utter lack of jurisdiction thereover. 5chanrobles.com : red
In answer to the charges, respondent judge explained that complainant’s son, Richard Tapiru, was an incorrigible criminal, with five criminal cases pending against him. Charges, including murder and robbery, remained unresolved because of fear of witnesses for their lives. 6 Anent the charge for arbitrary detention, respondent judge averred that, contrary to allegations, complainant’s son was committed to the court only on 10 October 1996, as so attested to by the arresting officers themselves, on which date he issued an Order of Protective Custody. 7
Respondent denied having pressured the Tapirus to enter into a compromise agreement in the Alarms and Scandals case. While he admitted having written a letter addressed to complainant, it was because, he said, the Tapirus themselves pleaded for more time to settle the case with complainant SPO4 Manuel Enciso.
Relative to the charge that he conducted adoption proceedings in his court, respondent argued that the proceedings took place in 1984 when the matter was supposedly still under the jurisdiction of municipal courts.
The case was referred to Honorable Quirino M. Andaya, Executive Judge of the Regional Trial Court of Luna-Kalinga, Apayao, for investigation, report and recommendation. Following his investigation, Judge Andaya submitted his findings; thus: 8
1. Sworn affidavit complaint dated February 24, 1997 relative to Criminal Case 40-K-89 entitled; People v. Richard Tapiru; Alarm and Scandal (Exh.’B’-P-2 records).chanrobles.com : virtual law library
Relative to this case, respondent judge wrote two (2) letters to complainant, Rodolfo dated August 25, 1989 (see records pages 4, 5, 39 and 40). The gist of these letters requires complainant to appear before the office of respondent for the latter to inquire the status of the alleged amicable settlement between Cpl. Manuel Enciso, complainant, and Rodolfo’s son, Richard, Accused in the aforementioned criminal case pending before the sala of herein respondent judge.
It is the contention of complainant that these two (2) letters of respondent manifest an unholy conspiracy between him (respondent judge) and Cpl. Enciso to extort money from Rodolfo and his son for the dropping and/or dismissal of the case for they (Rodolfo and son) never entered or talk to Cpl. Enciso for the settlement of the case knowing that the same was filed merely to harass complainant and his son.
This belief was further bolstered when the case was eventually dismissed by respondent judge without hearing the case on the merits.
On this complaint, respondent admitted to have written both letters (Exh.’2 and ‘3 for respondent) but denied any evil design in writing said letters. If he (respondent) did it, it was meant to help the parties come to terms for this was what Cpl. Enciso informed respondent Judge (Exh.’4’).
Perusal of the two (2) letters could hardly be deduced any conspiracy between respondent and Cpl. Enciso to solicit any consideration from complainant for the dismissal of the case filed against respondent’s son.
But the acts of respondent in writing those two (2) letters are unprocedural. What should have been done under the premises is to set the case for hearing and dispose the same accordingly.
2. That in connection with the filing of Criminal Case No. 1-96 for Attempted Murder against respondent’s son, Hatcher, the former had been protecting and coddling with his son which caused the long delay in the arrest of the accused. (Exh.’A’-letter complaint).
On this complaint, respondent denied having extended any protection for his son Hatcher, but did not give any explanation for the long delay in the arrest of respondent’s son.
A glimpse of the factual backdrop of this case reveals that respondent’s son is studying in one of the colleges and universities in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, with no information given to the court, hence, the warrant of arrest was issued for execution by the PNP Police Station of Kabugao, Apayao, where respondent and his son were residing. Since respondent’s son is not in Kabugao but in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, the warrant was returned to the court unexecuted by the reason that respondent’s son could not be located in Poblacion, Kabugao. This cause the delay in the arrest of respondent’s son. However, when the alias warrant of arrest was issued and perhaps accused might have learned the issuance of the warrant he voluntarily surfaced and brought to court for commitment leading to the dismissal of the case upon motion of the prosecution based on the Affidavit of Desistance executed by private complainant.
In a nutshell, the delay in the arrest of respondent’s son could not be attributed to respondent although in a situation like this, in order to forestall any suspicion of coddling by respondent he should have voluntarily brought his son to the bar of justice and face the accusation. In this way, respondent could have saved the image of the Judiciary in general from being tarnished and his reputation as member of the bench.
3. The act of respondent in ordering the incarceration of complainant’s son, Richard, prior to the filing and resolution of Criminal Case No. 217-96 for murder by Respondent.
We beg not to discuss this considering the matter to be sub-judice in view of the pendency of two (2) counts of Arbitrary Detention cases (Crim. Cases No. 1-97 & 2-97) filed against respondent et. al., before this court.
4. The act of the respondent in accepting adoption case (Exh.’D-1’ decision dated September 4, 1984) knowing that MCTCs or MTCs has no jurisdiction).
Anent this complaint, respondent explained that he did it in good faith. At that time (1984) he was not aware that under Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 which reorganized the entire judiciary of the Philippines concurrent jurisdiction of the Justice of the Peace (now MCTCs, MTCs and MeTCs) and the Court of First Instance (now RTC) on adoption cases has been abolished.
It cannot be gainsaid that respondent committed a serious blunder when it accepted and decided the subject adoption case in 1984 for Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 has become effective sometime in 1981.
But on this score, may respondent be punished for Grave Abuse of Authority or Misconduct as complained of by Rodolfo Tapiru? The answer should rather be on the negative. Why? Because grave abuse of authority or misconduct presupposes that respondent knows his action to be wrong yet persists in doing the same.
But again, should respondent be completely exonerated by the reason that the complaint is misplaced? For the right complaint should have been gross ignorance of law.
To our honest opinion, while severe punishment should not be exacted against respondent, the failure of the latter to keep abreast of the law especially on the jurisdiction of the court where he is presiding as a Judge reflects his lack of dexterity on a "Not so difficult question of law" which could be the basis of good faith. Plainly speaking, respondent committed gross ignorance on simple jurisdiction of the court where he is sitting as a Judge.
The Investigating Judge ended his report with the following recommendation:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"As a whole respondent committed a single act of impropriety for writing the aforesaid two (2) letters instead of setting the case for hearing; simple act of misdemeanor for not helping the authorities to bring his son to face the bar of justice and forestall the so-called "Justice delayed, Justice denied" and for gross ignorance of the jurisdiction of the first level courts after the passage and effectivity of Batas Pambansa Blg. 129.
Wherefore, premises all considered, it is respectfully recommended that respondent be reprimanded and fine for TWO THOUSAND (P2,000.00) Pesos, Philippine Currency."cralaw virtua1aw library
Except for suggesting an increase in the recommended fine of P2,000.00, the OCA concurred with the assessment and conclusions of the Investigating Judge.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
The Court finds no cogent reason to depart from the above evaluation and recommendations of the OCA.
The assumption to office by a judge casts upon him duties and restrictions peculiar to his exalted position. 9 He is the visible representation of law and of justice. 10 His official conduct in and outside court is to be held invariably free from impropriety or, even alone, an appearance thereof. 11 Respondent judge may not have been urged by ulterior motives in writing to complainant concerning the compromise agreement in a case pending before his court; nevertheless, being hardly a normal thing to do, his actuation can easily be misunderstood or can put to doubt even his own impartiality on the matter before him. If, indeed, there have been efforts towards a compromise agreement, the judge could have made an official .inquiry thereof, not through a private letter, but in open court or in a court order with copies thereof being furnished to all parties. It is not right for a judge to discard the accepted rudiments of court procedures. 12 In order to avoid suspicions of wrongdoing, a respect for traditional and prevailing rules must be observed and kept constantly in mind. A judge should, in fine, administer his office with due regard to the integrity of the judicial system. He must not be perceived as being a repository of arbitrary power 13 but as one dispensing justice under the sanction of the rule of law.
In conducting adoption proceedings before his court, respondent has revealed an ignorance of the law. It is inconceivable for him to remain unaware of the scope of his jurisdiction, a good three years from the enactment of the law defining that jurisdiction. A judge is called upon to exhibit more than just a cursory acquaintance with statutes and procedural rules; 14 it is his duty to keep always abreast with law and jurisprudence. 15
The requirement that a judge be above suspicion extends to the conduct of his private life. While respondent judge may argue that he did not protect his son, Hatcher Biden, from arrest, his actuation relative thereto must never serve to fuel suspicion over a misuse of the prestige of his office to enhance personal interest.
The investigating judge did right in refraining from passing judgment on the charges of arbitrary detention of complainant’s son, Richard Tapiru, so as not to preempt under any degree or circumstance the judgment, such as may be warranted, in Criminal Case No. 1-97 and Criminal Case 2-97 still pending against Respondent.chanrobles.com : law library
WHEREFORE, respondent Judge Pinera A. Biden is held liable for simple act of impropriety, simple act of misdemeanor and gross ignorance of the law, and he is hereby REPRIMANDED and ordered to pay a FINE in the amount of Three Thousand Pesos (P3,000.00), with a warning that the commission of similar conduct in the future will be dealt with severely.
SO ORDERED.
Melo, Panganiban, Purisima and Gonzaga-Reyes, JJ., concur.
The antecedents of this administrative case started when, on 10 October 1996, Orlando Laylay and Romero Bucnag were being investigated by the Kabugao Police for the murder of one Dacusin Awisi. In the course of the investigation, Laylay pointed to complainant’s son, Richard Tapiru, as being the assailant in the killing on 28 July 1996 of a certain Mario Antonio Maglama. Upon the request of the police investigators, Juan Tapiru, an uncle of Richard Tapiru, accompanied the latter to the police station. On the same day, 10 October 1996, Chief of Police Marner Dacayon requested for a judicial order for the protective custody of Richard Tapiru which respondent judge forthwith granted even before any criminal case could be filed. Complainant asserted that Richard Tapiru did not voluntarily appear before the police but was arrested without warrant on 8 October 1996 or two days before respondent issued his 10th October 1996 order aforesaid. Richard Tapiru was allegedly forced to remain in custody until 31 December 1996. 1
According to complainant, the above .incident was not the first time that respondent judge and his "cohorts" at the Philippine National Police ("PNP") filed false charges against his son. 2 In another case for "Alarms and Scandals" against Richard Tapiru filed by PNP Cpl. Manuel Enciso, and lodged in the sala of respondent judge, the latter wrote a letter pressuring the Tapirus to enter into an amicable settlement with Cpl. Enciso. 3
Complainant additionally charged respondent Judge for having reportedly prevented the arrest of his own son, Hatcher Biden, an accused in a case for attempted murder 4 and, likewise, for conducting adoption proceedings despite his court’s utter lack of jurisdiction thereover. 5chanrobles.com : red
In answer to the charges, respondent judge explained that complainant’s son, Richard Tapiru, was an incorrigible criminal, with five criminal cases pending against him. Charges, including murder and robbery, remained unresolved because of fear of witnesses for their lives. 6 Anent the charge for arbitrary detention, respondent judge averred that, contrary to allegations, complainant’s son was committed to the court only on 10 October 1996, as so attested to by the arresting officers themselves, on which date he issued an Order of Protective Custody. 7
Respondent denied having pressured the Tapirus to enter into a compromise agreement in the Alarms and Scandals case. While he admitted having written a letter addressed to complainant, it was because, he said, the Tapirus themselves pleaded for more time to settle the case with complainant SPO4 Manuel Enciso.
Relative to the charge that he conducted adoption proceedings in his court, respondent argued that the proceedings took place in 1984 when the matter was supposedly still under the jurisdiction of municipal courts.
The case was referred to Honorable Quirino M. Andaya, Executive Judge of the Regional Trial Court of Luna-Kalinga, Apayao, for investigation, report and recommendation. Following his investigation, Judge Andaya submitted his findings; thus: 8
1. Sworn affidavit complaint dated February 24, 1997 relative to Criminal Case 40-K-89 entitled; People v. Richard Tapiru; Alarm and Scandal (Exh.’B’-P-2 records).chanrobles.com : virtual law library
Relative to this case, respondent judge wrote two (2) letters to complainant, Rodolfo dated August 25, 1989 (see records pages 4, 5, 39 and 40). The gist of these letters requires complainant to appear before the office of respondent for the latter to inquire the status of the alleged amicable settlement between Cpl. Manuel Enciso, complainant, and Rodolfo’s son, Richard, Accused in the aforementioned criminal case pending before the sala of herein respondent judge.
It is the contention of complainant that these two (2) letters of respondent manifest an unholy conspiracy between him (respondent judge) and Cpl. Enciso to extort money from Rodolfo and his son for the dropping and/or dismissal of the case for they (Rodolfo and son) never entered or talk to Cpl. Enciso for the settlement of the case knowing that the same was filed merely to harass complainant and his son.
This belief was further bolstered when the case was eventually dismissed by respondent judge without hearing the case on the merits.
On this complaint, respondent admitted to have written both letters (Exh.’2 and ‘3 for respondent) but denied any evil design in writing said letters. If he (respondent) did it, it was meant to help the parties come to terms for this was what Cpl. Enciso informed respondent Judge (Exh.’4’).
Perusal of the two (2) letters could hardly be deduced any conspiracy between respondent and Cpl. Enciso to solicit any consideration from complainant for the dismissal of the case filed against respondent’s son.
But the acts of respondent in writing those two (2) letters are unprocedural. What should have been done under the premises is to set the case for hearing and dispose the same accordingly.
2. That in connection with the filing of Criminal Case No. 1-96 for Attempted Murder against respondent’s son, Hatcher, the former had been protecting and coddling with his son which caused the long delay in the arrest of the accused. (Exh.’A’-letter complaint).
On this complaint, respondent denied having extended any protection for his son Hatcher, but did not give any explanation for the long delay in the arrest of respondent’s son.
A glimpse of the factual backdrop of this case reveals that respondent’s son is studying in one of the colleges and universities in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, with no information given to the court, hence, the warrant of arrest was issued for execution by the PNP Police Station of Kabugao, Apayao, where respondent and his son were residing. Since respondent’s son is not in Kabugao but in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, the warrant was returned to the court unexecuted by the reason that respondent’s son could not be located in Poblacion, Kabugao. This cause the delay in the arrest of respondent’s son. However, when the alias warrant of arrest was issued and perhaps accused might have learned the issuance of the warrant he voluntarily surfaced and brought to court for commitment leading to the dismissal of the case upon motion of the prosecution based on the Affidavit of Desistance executed by private complainant.
In a nutshell, the delay in the arrest of respondent’s son could not be attributed to respondent although in a situation like this, in order to forestall any suspicion of coddling by respondent he should have voluntarily brought his son to the bar of justice and face the accusation. In this way, respondent could have saved the image of the Judiciary in general from being tarnished and his reputation as member of the bench.
3. The act of respondent in ordering the incarceration of complainant’s son, Richard, prior to the filing and resolution of Criminal Case No. 217-96 for murder by Respondent.
We beg not to discuss this considering the matter to be sub-judice in view of the pendency of two (2) counts of Arbitrary Detention cases (Crim. Cases No. 1-97 & 2-97) filed against respondent et. al., before this court.
4. The act of the respondent in accepting adoption case (Exh.’D-1’ decision dated September 4, 1984) knowing that MCTCs or MTCs has no jurisdiction).
Anent this complaint, respondent explained that he did it in good faith. At that time (1984) he was not aware that under Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 which reorganized the entire judiciary of the Philippines concurrent jurisdiction of the Justice of the Peace (now MCTCs, MTCs and MeTCs) and the Court of First Instance (now RTC) on adoption cases has been abolished.
It cannot be gainsaid that respondent committed a serious blunder when it accepted and decided the subject adoption case in 1984 for Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 has become effective sometime in 1981.
But on this score, may respondent be punished for Grave Abuse of Authority or Misconduct as complained of by Rodolfo Tapiru? The answer should rather be on the negative. Why? Because grave abuse of authority or misconduct presupposes that respondent knows his action to be wrong yet persists in doing the same.
But again, should respondent be completely exonerated by the reason that the complaint is misplaced? For the right complaint should have been gross ignorance of law.
To our honest opinion, while severe punishment should not be exacted against respondent, the failure of the latter to keep abreast of the law especially on the jurisdiction of the court where he is presiding as a Judge reflects his lack of dexterity on a "Not so difficult question of law" which could be the basis of good faith. Plainly speaking, respondent committed gross ignorance on simple jurisdiction of the court where he is sitting as a Judge.
The Investigating Judge ended his report with the following recommendation:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"As a whole respondent committed a single act of impropriety for writing the aforesaid two (2) letters instead of setting the case for hearing; simple act of misdemeanor for not helping the authorities to bring his son to face the bar of justice and forestall the so-called "Justice delayed, Justice denied" and for gross ignorance of the jurisdiction of the first level courts after the passage and effectivity of Batas Pambansa Blg. 129.
Wherefore, premises all considered, it is respectfully recommended that respondent be reprimanded and fine for TWO THOUSAND (P2,000.00) Pesos, Philippine Currency."cralaw virtua1aw library
Except for suggesting an increase in the recommended fine of P2,000.00, the OCA concurred with the assessment and conclusions of the Investigating Judge.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
The Court finds no cogent reason to depart from the above evaluation and recommendations of the OCA.
The assumption to office by a judge casts upon him duties and restrictions peculiar to his exalted position. 9 He is the visible representation of law and of justice. 10 His official conduct in and outside court is to be held invariably free from impropriety or, even alone, an appearance thereof. 11 Respondent judge may not have been urged by ulterior motives in writing to complainant concerning the compromise agreement in a case pending before his court; nevertheless, being hardly a normal thing to do, his actuation can easily be misunderstood or can put to doubt even his own impartiality on the matter before him. If, indeed, there have been efforts towards a compromise agreement, the judge could have made an official .inquiry thereof, not through a private letter, but in open court or in a court order with copies thereof being furnished to all parties. It is not right for a judge to discard the accepted rudiments of court procedures. 12 In order to avoid suspicions of wrongdoing, a respect for traditional and prevailing rules must be observed and kept constantly in mind. A judge should, in fine, administer his office with due regard to the integrity of the judicial system. He must not be perceived as being a repository of arbitrary power 13 but as one dispensing justice under the sanction of the rule of law.
In conducting adoption proceedings before his court, respondent has revealed an ignorance of the law. It is inconceivable for him to remain unaware of the scope of his jurisdiction, a good three years from the enactment of the law defining that jurisdiction. A judge is called upon to exhibit more than just a cursory acquaintance with statutes and procedural rules; 14 it is his duty to keep always abreast with law and jurisprudence. 15
The requirement that a judge be above suspicion extends to the conduct of his private life. While respondent judge may argue that he did not protect his son, Hatcher Biden, from arrest, his actuation relative thereto must never serve to fuel suspicion over a misuse of the prestige of his office to enhance personal interest.
The investigating judge did right in refraining from passing judgment on the charges of arbitrary detention of complainant’s son, Richard Tapiru, so as not to preempt under any degree or circumstance the judgment, such as may be warranted, in Criminal Case No. 1-97 and Criminal Case 2-97 still pending against Respondent.chanrobles.com : law library
WHEREFORE, respondent Judge Pinera A. Biden is held liable for simple act of impropriety, simple act of misdemeanor and gross ignorance of the law, and he is hereby REPRIMANDED and ordered to pay a FINE in the amount of Three Thousand Pesos (P3,000.00), with a warning that the commission of similar conduct in the future will be dealt with severely.
SO ORDERED.
Melo, Panganiban, Purisima and Gonzaga-Reyes, JJ., concur.
Endnotes:
1. The foregoing facts appear as the findings of facts made by Prosecutor Godofredo Guerrero, OIC Provincial Prosecutor, in his Resolution in P.I. Cases Nos. 50-96 and 49-96 entitled "Richard Tapiru, Complainant, v. Judge Pinera Biden, et. al., Respondents" and "Romero Bucnag, Complainant, v. Judge Pinera Biden, et. al., Respondents, for Arbitrary Detention, pp.-608, RECORDS.
2. Affidavit of Rodolfo Tapiru dated 25 February 1997, RECORDS, p. 2.
3. Letter of respondent Judge Biden to Complainant dated 12 October 1989 and 28 August 1989, RECORDS pp. 3-4.
4. Affidavit of Rodolfo Tapiru dated April 1997, RECORDS, p. 10.
5. Affidavit of Rodolfo Tapiru dated 5 November 1997, RECORDS p. 37. See respondent judge’s Decision on the Adoption Proceedings entitled "In the Matter of the Adoption of Minor Child Jeanne Marie, Spec. Pro No. 20-84-4.
6. Sworn Letter of Judge Tapiru to the Court Administrator, dated 23 June 1997.
7. See statement of police inspector Marner B. Dacayon dated 23 June 1997, RECORDS, pp. 18-19; Certificate of Prison Guard Zosimo Zibal, dated 5 June 1997, RECORDS, p. 26.
8. This portion of the report of Executive Judge Quirino Andaya is reproduced in the Memorandum of Court Administrator Alfredo L. Benipayo.
9. Canons of Judicial Ethics, (Administrative Order No. 162, Department of Justice, 1 August 1946).
10. Orban v. Borja, 143 SCRA 634.
11. Paguirigan v. Clavano, G.R. Admin. Matter No. 537-C.J., 19 December 1975 4, 61 SCRA 411.
12. Castillo v Juan, G.R. No. 39516, 28 January 1975, 62 SCRA 124.
13. Lea Chu v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 23687, 26 February 1968.
14. Libarios v. Dabalos, 199 SCRA 48; Cariaga v. Justo Guerrero, 23 SCRA 1061.
15. Candia v. Tagabucba, A.M. No. 528-MJ, 12 September 1977; Baja v. Racasio, A.M. No. 561-MJ, 29 December 1976.
