"Mr. ARTURO A. IGNACIO
"Calapan, Mindoro
"GREETINGS
"You are hereby notified that the undersigned will ask the court to hear the foregoing demurrer on the first Saturday, after the first session day of the court, at eight-thirty in the morning, or as soon as possible.
"JUAN NAVARRO and M. P. LEUTERIO
"Per ____________________________
"M. P. LEUTERIO
"Counsel for the Respondent"
This notice, however, is not signed by the attorney for the respondent, as may be seen in the photograph marked Exhibit P of the petitioner, although the lawyer’s signature appears higher up, at the foot of the demurrer. We believe the learned judge who had cognizance of the protest, on reading the demurrer, saw, too, the unsigned notice at the bottom of it, and must have deemed it sufficient, when he entered the order of October 6, 1931. A subsequent notice of the hearing upon the demurrer was sent to the petitioner by the respondent on October 9th, but the demurrer had by that time been overruled.
Setting this matter aside, it may be said, and the respondent admits it, that the petitioner had not been duly notified of the demurrer when the court overruled it. The question then is, what was the legal effect of the order overruling the demurrer when the adverse party has not been notified of the hearing of the motion?
Rule 10 of the old Rules of Courts of First Instance, published on October 10, 1901, reads as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"When no other provision is made by law no action shall be taken on any motions or applications unless it appears that the adverse party had notice thereof three days before the time set for the hearing thereof."cralaw virtua1aw library
In 1915, the Supreme Court laid down the following doctrine in So Chu and Limpangco v. Nepomuceno and Reis (29 Phil., 208):jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Where the court has jurisdiction over the person and subject matter of the action, a failure to give notice of a subsequent step in the action or proceeding is not jurisdictional and does not render an order made without notice void."cralaw virtua1aw library
Subsequently, in 1918, the Rules of Courts of First Instance in the Philippine Islands were amended. Rule 9 provides:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"9. When no other provision is made by law no action shall be taken on any motions or applications unless it appears that the adverse party had notice thereof three days before the time set for the hearing thereof."cralaw virtua1aw library
And Rule 10 is as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"10. All notices of motions shall be in writing, and shall state generally the nature and grounds of the motion and when and where it will be heard. They shall be accompanied with copies of the affidavits and other papers on which the motion is based. No demurrer or motion shall be accepted for filing without proof of notice thereof having been given the adverse party, at least three days in advance, that same will be submitted on the next motion day or on a date specifically designated by the court."cralaw virtua1aw library
It may easily be seen that Rule 10 of the old Rules does not differ substantially from Rules 9 and 10 of the new Rules.
In 1921 this court rendered the decision in the case of Manakil and Tison v. Revilla and Tuaño (42 Phil., 81). It was a mandamus proceeding to compel the judge to pass upon a motion for a new trial filed in a civil case pending before the Court of First Instance of Pampanga. The motion did not contain a notice of the time and place of its hearing. It was not passed upon by the court. Forty-one days after he had received a copy of the court’s decision the petitioner filed another motion for a new trial fixing the time and place for the hearing of the second motion. The respondent demurred. The Supreme Court sustained the demurrer and denied the writ. In the course of the decision, the court reiterated the imperative necessity of complying with the requisites of the Rules of Courts of First Instance, and declared in very strong terms that motions which did not observe Rule 10 of those Rules were not really motions, and should not be acted upon by the courts; but no statement was made reversing the rule laid down in the So Chu and Limpangco case, supra.
In Gamay v. Gutierrez David (48 Phil., 768), which was a certiorari proceeding in connection with a motion for the issuance of a writ of execution of a judgment, the adverse party was not given notice of the motion. The Supreme Court granted the writ of certiorari, citing the Manakil and Tison case, supra, and holding that to pass upon such a motion without the adverse party having been notified, as provided in Rules 9 and 10 of the Rules of Courts of First Instance, was to exceed jurisdiction.
It is evident that with motions in general, as with a demurrer, the adverse party must be given three days’ notice of the time and place of hearing. But by an exception recognized in Rule 9 of the Rules, the movant need not notify the adverse party of a motion for a new trial, inasmuch as section 146 of Act No. 190 expressly provides that such notice is to be given as the judge may direct. (Soriano v. Ramirez, 44 Phil., 519.)
According to Rule 10, the clerk of the court had no right to docket the demurrer, nor the judge to overrule it, unless it first appeared that the adverse party had notice of the hearing. But if, notwithstanding the failure to give notice, the clerk docketed the demurrer and the court overruled it, we believe the ruling in So Chu and Limpangco, supra, is to be followed, despite the Manakil and Tison and Gamay cases. And this opinion is also supported by the Encyclop