THIRD DIVISION
G.R. No. 217879, February 01, 2021
GERARDO U. VILLE, Petitioner, v. MAERSK-FILIPINAS CREWING, INC. AND/OR A.P. MOLLER A/S, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
HERNANDO, J.:
This Petition for Review on Certiorari1 assails the December 19, 2014 Decision2 and April 23, 2015 Resolution3 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in C.A.-G.R. SP No. 130257.
The appellate court reversed and set aside the February 28, 20134 and March 27, 20135 Resolutions of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) in NLRC LAC No. 11-000995-12 and held that petitioner Gerardo U. Ville (Ville) is not entitled to total and permanent disability benefits.
The Antecedents:
In July 2011, respondent manning agency Maersk-Filipinas Crewing. Inc. (Maersk), in behalf of its foreign principal, respondent A.P. Moller A/S, hired Ville as Chief Cook on board the ship Adrian Maersk for a period of six months.6 Before his deployment, Ville underwent a Pre-Employment Medical Examination (PEME)7 wherein he was declared as fit for work. On August 11, 2011, he departed from the Philippines to join his vessel of assignment.8
Upon the expiration of his contract on March 1, 2012, Ville disembarked from the vessel.9 Upon his arrival in the Philippines, he did not report that he was experiencing any illness or injury while on board Adrian Maersk.10
On March 7, 2012, Ville underwent another PEME as a prerequisite for another deployment. In said PEME, he disclosed for the first time that he has a history of high blood pressure or hypertension and has been taking medication. The results of the PEME indicated that Ville had Coronary Artery Disease.11 Hence, he was declared "Unfit for Sea Duty."12
Dr. Raymund Jay Sugay, his PEME doctor, opined that Ville's heart ailment would necessitate further evaluation and treatment. Ville then underwent a Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy13 on April 16, 2012 at the Philippine Heart Center which confirmed that he had indeed a heart condition.
Under the impression that he contracted the illness while on board Adrian Maersk, Ville filed a Complaint14 on May 3, 2012 against the respondents for reimbursement of medical expenses and sickness allowance, payment of total and permanent disability benefits, moral and exemplary damages, attorney's fees plus legal interest.15
On May 29, 2012, Ville underwent a Coronary Angiography16 which yielded a Clinical Abstract17 concluding that he has "3 Vessel Coronary Artery Disease." He likewise consulted Dr. Edwin S. Tucay (Dr. Tucay) of the Philippine Heart Center who certified18 on August 28, 2012 that Ville has 3 Vessel Disease (Coronary Artery Disease). Dr. Tucay advised that Ville should not be employed as a seafarer.19
In his Position Paper,20 Ville asserted that he already had a heart ailment before he disembarked from Adrian Maersk on March 1, 2012. However, his illness was only detected when he underwent a PEME for his redeployment. He argued that he has been working for the respondents for seven years under 11 contracts and that he has always been declared fit to work before every embarkation.21 He has no medical history of coronary artery disease and that his duties onboard caused him stress and over fatigue which aggravated his heart ailment.22
On the other hand, the respondents argued that: "(a) [Ville] failed to present any evidence that he suffered any injury or illness during his employment; (b) x x x [he] has not presented substantial evidence showing that his condition is work-related; (c) [his] illness was acquired after the expiration of the term of his contract with respondents; (d) since [his] hypertension is a pre-existing condition, it is not compensable; and (e) by virtue of [his] failure to submit himself to a post-employment medical examination by the company-designated doctor within 72 hours or three (3) days upon his repatriation, [Ville] is disqualified from any award of disability compensation."23
Ruling of the Labor Arbiter (Arbiter):
The Arbiter found Ville entitled to disability benefits since his illness was work-related and was acquired during the term of his contract. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration-Standard Employment Contract (POEA-SEC) does not require that the illness be diagnosed during the term of the contract; it only entails that the ailment was acquired or aggravated during the said term.24
Since Ville was asymptomatic when he joined the vessel, there is a presumption that a causal relationship exists between his heart ailment and his work as Chief Cook.25 According to Section 32(A), item 11 (Occupational Disease), paragraph (a) under "Nature of Employment," "if a person who was apparently asymptomatic before [working] showed signs and symptoms of cardiac injury during the performance of his/her work and such symptoms and signs persisted, it is reasonable to claim a causal relationship."26
Ville's failure to undergo post-employment medical examination within three days from his arrival did not bar him from claiming disability benefits. "[T]he purpose of a post medical examination is to allow the employer to satisfy himself of the veracity or gravity of the illness complained of. This, however, presumes that the illness was discovered before the end of the contract. In the case of complainant, the illness was discovered immediately after his repatriation. The post medical examination, therefore, served no purpose."27
The Arbiter found that Ville substantially complied with the requirement of post-employment medical examination when he underwent another PEME within four (working) days from his arrival.28 Since Ville was declared unfit to work as a seafarer in any capacity, he is deemed to be permanently and totally disabled.29 The dispositive portion of the Arbiter's Decision reads:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
WHEREFORE, premises considered, respondents are hereby ordered to pay complainant, jointly and severally, the sum of US$60,000.00 or its equivalent in Philippine Peso at the time of payment, plus the additional sum equivalent to 10% of the award by way of attorney's fees.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
SO ORDERED.30chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary
Aggrieved, the respondents appealed30 to the NLRC.Ruling of the National Labor Relations Commission:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the appeal is hereby declared without merit, hence, the Decision dated 15 October 2012 rendered by Labor Arbiter Raymond M. Celino is hereby AFFIRMED.The respondents sought for a reconsideration38 which the NLRC denied in a Resolution39 dated March 27, 2013.
SO ORDERED.36chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant petition is GRANTED. The Resolution dated February 28, 2013 of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) - Second Division in NLRC LAC No. 11-000995-12 and its Resolution dated March 27, 2013 are REVERSED and SET ASIDE.Ville filed a Motion for Reconsideration49 but this was denied by the CA in its Resolution50 dated April 23, 2015.
SO ORDERED.48chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary
The main issue is whether or not Ville is entitled to his claim for total and permanent disability benefits.Issues I.
The Honorable Court of Appeals committed serious errors of law in finding that petitioner is not entitled to recover total and permanent disability benefits as he failed to undergo the Post Employment Medical Examination.II.
The Honorable Court of Appeals committed serious errors of law in reversing the judgment for attorney's fees.52
A. The employment of the seafarer shall cease when the seafarer completes his period of contractual service aboard the ship, signs-off from the ship and arrives at the point of hire.A "contract between an employer and a seafarer ceases upon its completion, when the seafarer signs off from the vessel and arrives at the point of hire."58 Indeed, "the employment of seafarers and its incidents are governed by the contracts they sign every time they are hired or re-hired. These contracts have the force of law between the parties as long as their stipulations are not contrary to law, morals, public order or public policy."59 Thus, upon Ville's signing off from the vessel and repatriation on March 1, 2012 due to the completion of his contract, his employment relationship with the respondents correspondingly ceased. Consequently, no liability should attach to the respondents for any illness or incident that may have been acquired or transpire after signing off or expiration of his contract, as in this case.
SECTION 19. REPATRIATIONIn addition, Section 20 (A) (3) provides:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
H. The seafarer shall report to the manning agency within 72 hours upon arrival at point of hire.
SECTION 20. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITSThere is no dispute that Ville never reported to his employer that he was suffering from an ailment while on board Adrian Maersk. Additionally, even upon disembarkation, he did not inform his employer that he was experiencing any illness or that it was aggravated while on board the vessel. Significantly, Ville did not submit himself for post-employment medical examination within three working days after disembarkation. It is settled rule that non-compliance with the post-employment medical examination requirement is tantamount to a waiver or forfeiture of any right to claim disability benefits.
x x x
A. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS FOR INJURY OR ILLNESS
The liabilities of the employer when the seafarer suffers work-related injury or illness during the term of his contract are as follows:
x x x
For this purpose, the seafarer shall submit himself to a post-employment medical examination by a company-designated physician within three working days upon his return except when he is physically incapacitated to do. so, in which case, a written notice to the agency within the same period is deemed as compliance. In the course of the treatment, the seafarer shall also report regularly to the company-designated physician specifically on the dates as prescribed by the company-designated physician and agreed to by the seafarer. Failure of the seafarer to comply with the mandatory reporting requirement shall result in his forfeiture of the right to claim the above benefits.
If a doctor appointed by the seafarer disagrees with the assessment, a third doctor may be agreed jointly between the Employer and the seafarer. The third doctor's decision shall be final and binding on both parties.
Zonio, Jr. v. 88 Aces Maritime Services, Inc.60 explains that:
As could be gleaned from the foregoing, a seafarer-claimant is mandated a period of three working days within which he should submit himself to a post- employment medical examination so that the company-designated physician can promptly arrive at a medical diagnosis. Due to the express mandate oil the reportorial requirement, the failure of the seafarer to comply shall result in the forfeiture of his right to claim the above benefits.61
Nevertheless, while the requirement to report within three working days from repatriation appears to be indispensable in character, there are some established exceptions to this rule: (1) when the seafarer is incapacitated to report to the employer upon his repatriation; and (2) when the employer inadvertently or deliberately refused to submit the seafarer to a post-employment medical examination by a company-designated physician.62 (Emphasis supplied).
Endnotes:
* Designated as additional member per raffle dated January 20, 2021 vice J. Inting who recused himself due to prior action m the Court of Appeals.
1Rollo, pp. 3-19A.
2 Id. at 20-27; penned by Associate Justice Jose C. Reyes, Jr. (now a retired Member of this Court) and concurred in by Associate Justices Mario V. Lopez (now a member of this Court) and Melchor Quirino C. Sadang.
3 Id. at 28.
4 Id. at 108-120; penned by Commissioner Teresita D. Castillon-Lora and concurred in by Presiding Commissioner Raul T. Aquino and Commissioner Erlinda T. Agus.
5 Id. at 122-123.
6 Id. at 147, 163; approved on August 3,2011.
7 The result was not attached in the records.
8Rollo, p. 21.
9 Id. at 126.
10 Id. at 21, 126.
11 Id. at 148.
12 Supra, note 7.
13Rollo, p. 169.
14 CA rollo, pp. 215-219.
15Rollo, p. 22.
16 Id. at 165-166.
17 Id. at 167-168.
18 Id at 164.
19 Id. at 21-22.
20 Id. at 150-162.
21 Id. at 154.
22 Id. at 165-166.
23 Id. at 46.
24 Id. at 198.
25 Id. at 199.
26 Id.
27 Id. at 200.
28 Id.
29 Id. at. 201.
30 Id.
31 Id. at 202-226.
32 Id. at 108-120.
33 Id. at 116-117.
34 Id. at 117-118.
35 Id. at 118.
36 Id. at 119.
37 Id.
38 Id. at 259-273.
39 Id. at 122-123.
40 Id. at 70-103.
41 CA rollo, pp. 256-258.
42Rollo, pp. 20-27.
43 Id. at 27.
44 Id. at 25.
45 Id.
46 Id. at 25-26.
47 Id. at 26.
48 Id. at 27.
49 Id. at 29-41.
50 Id. at 28.
51 Id. at 3-17.
52 Id. at 4.
53Ranoa v. Anglo-Eastern Crew Management Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 225756, November 28, 2019 citing Status Maritime Corporation v. Sps. Delalamon, 740 Phil. 175, 189 (2014).
54 Formerly Articles 191 to 193 of the Labor Code.
55 Period of entitlement. - (a) The income benefit shall be paid beginning on the first day of such disability. If caused by an injury or sickness it shall not be paid longer than 120 consecutive days except where such injury or sickness still requires medical attendance beyond 120 days but not to exceed 240 days from onset of disability in which case benefit for temporary total disability shall be paid. However, the System may declare the total and permanent status at any time after 120 days of continuous temporary total disability as may be warranted by the degree of actual loss or impairment of physical or mental functions as determined by the System.
56 The 2010 POEA-SEC applies since his Adrian Maersk contract was signed in 2011.
57Teodoro v. Teekay Shipping, Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 244721, February 5, 2020.
58Zonio, Jr. v. 88 Aces Maritime Services, Inc., G.R. No. 239052, October 16,2019.
59Madridejos v. NYK-Fil Ship Management, Inc., 810 Phil. 704 (2017) citing Javier v. Philippine Transmarine Carriers, Inc., 738 Phil. 374, 384 (2014).
60 Supra, note 55.
61 Id., citing De Andres v. Diamond H Marine Services & Shipping Agency, Inc.,813 Phil. 746 (2017).
62 Id., citing Falcon Maritime and Allied Services, Inc. v. Pangasian, G.R. No. 223295, March 13,2019.
63 Supra, note 12.
64Ranoa v. Anglo-Eastern Crew Management Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 225756, November 28,2019.
65Malicdem v. Asia Bulk Transport Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 224753, June 19, 2019.
66Id.cralawredlibrary